The Role of Social Media in Improving Student Learning Opportunities During COVID-19 Pandemic
(Qualitative Research)
Keywords:
Social Media, Learning Opportunities, COVID-19 Pandemic, Qualitative Research
Abstract
The sudden emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated various measures by educational institutions, including the adoption of e-learning as an option to continue delivering education to students. Social media has been among the tools employed in e-learning processes during the pandemic. The current study aims to understand the role of social media in enhancing learning opportunities for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative phenomenology method was used to explore faculty members' perspectives on the use of social media in education and their application of its tools in different educational scenarios during the crisis. Data were collected virtually through semi-structured interviews with (7) participants, representing a typical sample of faculty members, selected based on their extensive use of social media in educational situations during the crisis. The interviews were conducted online, and participants' responses were saved in a text file and then entered into the MAXQDA program for thematic analysis. The analysis identified several key themes: social media tools, organizing interaction with students using social media, educational strategies using social media, evaluating student performance using social media, faculty behavior, practices, and suggestions for improving learning opportunities using social media. The study provides a clear understanding of the role of social media in enhancing learning opportunities for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study recommends that future research could delve deeper into understanding the various challenges faced by faculty members in using social media for remote education during the COVID-19 pandemic and conduct comparative studies of international experiences in enhancing student learning opportunities using social media during and after the pandemic.
References
1. Akma, S., & Kasuma, A. (2021). Exploring the Impacts of Peer Interaction in ESL University Students' Argumentative Writing Activities via WhatsApp HAEZA HARON (CORRESPONDING AUTHOR). 4(2). https://doi.org/10.36777/ijollt2021.4.2.042
2. Al Abdullateef, H., Pasley, R., & Chesney, T. (2021). Exploring the Effect of Using WhatsApp for Education During Covid-19 on University Students’ Performance: A Technostress Perspective.
3. Al-Nasheri, A. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Opportunities and Challenges of Using Micro-learning during the Pandemic of COVID-19 from the Perspectives of Teachers. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(9s), 1195-1208.
4. Al-Rahmi, A. M., Shamsuddin, A., Alturki, U., Aldraiweesh, A., Yusof, F. M., Al-Rahmi, W. M., & Aljeraiwi, A. A. (2021). The influence of information system success and technology acceptance model on social media factors in education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13147770
5. Al-Rahmi, W. M., & Zeki, A. M. (2017). A model of using social media for collaborative learning to enhance learners’ performance on learning. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 29(4), 526-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JKSUCI.2016.09.002
6. Aladsani, H. K. (2021). University Students’ Use and Perceptions of Telegram to Promote Effective Educational Interactions: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(9), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.19281
7. Alanzi, N. S. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022a). Investigation the requirements for implementing digital platforms during emergencies from the point of view of faculty members: qualitative research. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 4910-4920.
8. Alanzi, N. S. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022b). A Proposed Model for Employing Digital Platforms in Developing the Motivation for Achievement Among Students of Higher Education During Emergencies. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 4921-4933.
9. Alhalafawy, W., & Zaki, M. (2019). The effect of mobile digital content applications based on gamification in the development of psychological well-being.
10. Alhalafawy, W., & Zaki, M. T. (2022). How has gamification within digital platforms affected self-regulated learning skills during the COVID-19 pandemic? Mixed-methods research. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 17(6), 123-151.
11. Alhalafawy, W. S., Najmi, A. H., Zaki, M. Z. T., & Alharthi, M. A. (2021). Design an Adaptive Mobile Scaffolding System According to Students' Cognitive Style Simplicity vs Complexity for Enhancing Digital Well-Being. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(13).
12. Alhalafawy, W. S., & Tawfiq, M. Z. (2014). The relationship between types of image retrieval and cognitive style in developing visual thinking skills. Life Science Journal, 11(9), 865-879.
13. Alharbi, M., Kuhn, L., & Morphet, J. (2021). Nursing students' engagement with social media as an extracurricular activity: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(1-2), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCN.15503
14. Almonacid-Fierro, A., Vargas-Vitoria, R., De Carvalho, R. S., & Fierro, M. A. (2021). Impact on teaching in times of COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21129
15. Alqurashi, E. (2019). Predicting student satisfaction and perceived learning within online learning environments. Distance Education, 40(1), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1553562
16. Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Sustaining enhancement of learning outcomes across digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2279-2301.
17. Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Digital Platforms and the Improvement of Learning Outcomes: Evidence Extracted from Meta-Analysis. Sustainability, 15(2), 1305.
18. Alubthane, F., & AlYoussef, I. (2021). Pre-Service Teachers ’ Views about Effective Use of the Whatsapp Application in Online Classrooms. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1), 44-52.
19. Alzahrani, F. K. (2021). The effectiveness of Padlet in enhancing reading and writing skills in English language course among EFL students at secondary stage. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS], 15(1), 155-167.
20. Alzahrani, F. K., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Gamification for Learning Sustainability in the Blackboard System: Motivators and Obstacles from Faculty Members’ Perspectives. Sustainability, 15(5), 4613.
21. Alzahrani, F. K. J., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Benefits and challenges of using gamification across distance learning platforms at higher education: a systematic review of research studies published during The COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(10), 1948-1977.
22. Alzahrani, F. K. J., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Alshammary, F. M. H. (2023). Teachers’ Perceptions of Madrasati Learning Management System (LMS) at Public Schools in Jeddah. مجلة الفنون والأدب وعلوم الإنسانيات والاجتماع(97), 345-363.
23. Alzahrani, F. K. J., Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Gamified platforms: the impact of digital incentives on engagement in learning during Covide-19 pandemic. Cultural Management: Science and Education (CMSE), 7(2), 75-87.
24. Anderson, T. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities for use of Social Media in Higher Education. 6(1), 6-19.
25. Ansari, J. A. N., & Khan, N. A. (2020). Exploring the role of social media in collaborative learning the new domain of learning. Smart Learning Environments 2020 7:1, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40561-020-00118-7
26. Anthony, A. S. M. (2021). Use of Twitter Technology in Educational Learning. 20(2), 189-196.
27. Arshad, M., & Akram, M. S. (2018). Social media adoption by the academic community: Theoretical insights and empirical evidence from developing countries. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(3), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.19173/IRRODL.V19I3.3500
28. Balakrishnan, V., & Gan, C. L. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 808-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2015.12.004
29. Bina, N. S., Ramadhani, R., Andhany, E., & Wardani, H. (2021). Statistical Skills Analysis of Students Using Online-Learning Platforms such as Whatsapp, Youtube, and Zoom Meetings during Covid-19 Pandemic. JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika), 5(2), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.31764/JTAM.V5I2.5166
30. Buriro, M., Akhtar Ahmedani, A., & Ali Rahoo, L. (2021). The Impact of WhatsApp Usage on Academic Purposes among the Students of Higher Education Institutes of Sindh Province. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(06), 2021-2021. https://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2021.27.06.089
31. Candiasa, I. M., Mertasari, N. M. S., & Aryanta, M. (2021). Social media as integrated character education media. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1810(1), 012073-012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1810/1/012073
32. Cathala, X., Ocho, O. N., Watts, P. N., & Moorley, C. (2021). International student nurses' use of social media for learning: A cross sectional survey. Nurse Education Today, 107, 105160-105160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEDT.2021.105160
33. Cavus, N., Sani, A. S., Haruna, Y., & Lawan, A. A. (2021). Efficacy of social networking sites for sustainable education in the era of COVID-19: A systematic review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020808
34. Chang, B. (2021). Privacy Issues in Online Learning Environment. American Association for Adult and Continuing Education.
35. Chatterjee, I., & Chakraborty, P. (2020). Use of Information Communication Technology by Medical Educators Amid COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520966996, 49(3), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520966996
36. Chelvarayan, A., Min, C. W., & Hashim, H. (2021). Social Media for Academic Purpose: The Influencing Factors. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(3), 4549-4562. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/social-media-academic-purpose-influencing-factors/docview/2565218035/se-2?accountid=201433
37. Cho, Y. K., & Sutton, C. L. (2021). Reputable internet retailers' service quality and social media use. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 12(1), 43-63. https://doi.org/10.7903/IJECS.1877
38. Chugh, R., & Ruhi, U. (2017). Social media in higher education: A literature review of Facebook. Education and Information Technologies 2017 23:2, 23(2), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-017-9621-2
39. Creswell. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc.
40. Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Third Edition (Third edition. ed., Vol. 66). SAGE Publications.
41. Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches 4th edition. Sage Publicatons Inc, Thousand Oaks, 1-646.
42. Dahdal, S. (2020). Using the WhatsApp Social Media Application for Active Learning. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520928307, 49(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520928307
43. Dutta, D. A. (2020). Impact of Digital Social Media on Indian Higher Education: Alternative Approaches of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(05), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.05.2020.p10169
44. Eroğlu, M., & Şenol, C. (2021). Emergency Remote Education Experiences of Teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Research. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(3), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i3.3918
45. Fedock, B. C., McCartney, M., & Neeley, D. (2019). Online adjunct higher education teachers’ perceptions of using social media sites as instructional approaches. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 12(3), 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-02-2018-0005
46. Gulzar, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M., & Rasheed, M. I. (2021). How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity: investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660
47. Gunawan, G., Suranti, N. M. Y., & Fathoroni, F. (2020). Variations of Models and Learning Platforms for Prospective Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education, 1(2), 61-70. https://journal.publication-center.com/index.php/ijte/article/view/95
48. Herring, S. C. (2013). Telepresence robots for academics. Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/MEET.14505001156
49. Hosen, M., Ogbeibu, S., Giridharan, B., Cham, T. H., Lim, W. M., & Paul, J. (2021). Individual motivation and social media influence on student knowledge sharing and learning performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. Computers & Education, 172, 104262-104262. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2021.104262
50. Iglesias-Pradas, S., Hernández-García, Á., Chaparro-Peláez, J., & Prieto, J. L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and students’ academic performance in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106713-106713. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2021.106713
51. Jabbar, J., Malik, S. I., AlFarsi, G., & Tawafak, R. M. (2021). The Impact of WhatsApp on Employees in Higher Education. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 295, 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47411-9_34
52. Kamble, A., Gauba, R., Desai, S., & Golhar, D. (2021). Learners’ Perception of the Transition to Instructor-Led Online Learning Environments: Facilitators and Barriers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 22(1), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v22i1.4971
53. Kara, N. (2021). Enablers and barriers of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic: A case study of an online university course. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.11
54. Lacka, E., Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2021). Can digital technologies improve students' efficiency? Exploring the role of Virtual Learning Environment and Social Media use in Higher Education. Computers & Education, 163, 104099-104099. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2020.104099
55. Lambton-Howard, D., Kiaer, J., & Kharrufa, A. (2020). ‘Social media is their space’: student and teacher use and perception of features of social media in language education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1774653, 40(16), 1700-1715. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1774653
56. Latipah, Y., & Gunawan, W. (2021). Emerging voice: Exploring the process of teacher-student dialogic interaction in mobile instant messaging (MIM) to construct voice in argumentative writing. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 10(3), 782-793. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i3.31766
57. Lei, S. Y., Chiu, D. K. W., Lung, M. M. w., & Chan, C. T. (2021). Exploring the aids of social media for musical instrument education. International Journal of Music Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761420986217
58. López-Carril, S., González-Serrano, M. H., Calabuig-Moreno, F., Añó, V., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2021). Development and preliminary validation of social media as an educational and professional tool student perceptions scale (Smept-sps). Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13041814
59. Mazurek, G., Korzyński, P., & Górska, A. (2019). Social media in the marketing of higher education institutions in Poland: Preliminary empirical studies. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(1), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070107
60. Mirkovski, K., Jia, Y., Liu, L., & Chen, K. (2018). Understanding microblogging continuance intention: The directed social network perspective. Information Technology and People, 31(1), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2015-0168
61. Muljana, P. S., & Luo, T. (2021). Utilizing learning analytics in course design: voices from instructional designers in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33(1), 206-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-020-09262-y
62. Mulyono, H., Suryoputro, G., & Jamil, S. R. (2021). The application of WhatsApp to support online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Heliyon, 7(8), e07853-e07853. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E07853
63. Nadeak, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning Using Social Media during the Pandemic Period of COVID-19: A Case in Universitas Kristen Indonesia. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/ijast
64. Najmi, A. H., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Zaki, M. Z. T. (2023). Developing a sustainable environment based on augmented reality to educate adolescents about the dangers of electronic gaming addiction. Sustainability, 15(4), 3185.
65. Neuman, W. L. (2009). Understanding research. https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Research.html?id=uOWZpwAACAAJ
66. Novawan, A., Alvarez-Tosalem, S. M., Ismailia, T., Wicaksono, J. A., & Setiarini, R. B. (2021). Students’ Experiences of Online English Language Learning by Using YouTube. 220-226. https://doi.org/10.2991/ASSEHR.K.210101.048
67. Nugroho, A., Eko, A., & Atmojo, P. (2020). DIGITAL LEARNING OF ENGLISH BEYOND CLASSROOM: EFL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTION AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 7(2), 219-243. https://jurnal.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/jeels/article/view/1993
68. Ogbonnaya, U. I. (2019). Adoption and perceived usefulness of social media by pre-service teachers in Nigeria. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 13(6), 52-67. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i06.10299
69. Ostic, D., Qalati, S. A., Barbosa, B., Shah, S. M. M., Galvan Vela, E., Herzallah, A. M., & Liu, F. (2021). Effects of Social Media Use on Psychological Well-Being: A Mediated Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678766
70. Otchie, W. O., & Pedaste, M. (2020). European Journal of Educational Research Using Social Media for Learning in High Schools: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.889
71. Peng, M. H., & Hwang, H. G. (2021). An empirical study to explore the adoption of e-learning social media platform in taiwan: An integrated conceptual adoption framework based on technology acceptance model and technology threat avoidance theory. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13179946
72. Prestridge, S., Tondeur, J., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2019). Insights from ICT-expert teachers about the design of educational practice: the learning opportunities of social media. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 28(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1578685
73. Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2021). Factors affecting students’ learning performance through collaborative learning and engagement. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1884886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1884886
74. Rajeh, M. T., Sembawa, S. N., Nassar, A. A., Al Hebshi, S. A., Aboalshamat, K. T., & Badri, M. K. (2021). Social media as a learning tool: Dental students’ perspectives. Journal of Dental Education, 85(4), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/JDD.12478
75. Ramdhani, T., & Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2021). The use of Whatsapp Social Media as Reinforcement Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 107-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.vxix
76. Robinson, Z. Z., & Robinson, P. A. (2021). Using Social Media Tools for Promoting Critical Literacy Skills in the Classroom. American Association for Adult and Continuing Education.
77. Rodríguez-Moreno, J., Ortiz-Colón, A. M., Cordón-Pozo, E., & Agreda-Montoro, M. (2021). The influence of digital tools and social networks on the digital competence of university students during covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18062835
78. Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18(2), 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/NUR.4770180211
79. Seechaliao, T. (2017). Instructional Strategies to Support Creativity and Innovation in Education. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(4), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n4p201
80. Smith, E. E. (2017). Social media in undergraduate learning: categories and characteristics. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-017-0049-Y/TABLES/11
81. Sobaih, A. E. E., Hasanein, A. M., & Abu Elnasr, A. E. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in higher education: Social media usage for sustaining formal academic communication in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(16), 6520-6520.
82. Suwandi, I. N. (2021). PROJECT-BASED LEARNING COMBINED WITH WHATSAPP APPLICATION TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS. International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i2.145
83. Syafiq, A. N., Rahmawati, A., Anwari, A., & Oktaviana, T. (2021). Increasing Speaking Skill through YouTube Video as English Learning Material during Online Learning in Pandemic Covid-19. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 3(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.31849/ELSYA.V3I1.6206
84. Tan, K. H., Chan, P. P., & Mohd Said, N.-E. (2021). Higher Education Students’ Online Instruction Perceptions: A Quality Virtual Learning Environment. Sustainability, 13(19), 10840-10840. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU131910840
85. Ubaedillah, U., Pratiwi, D. I., Huda, S. T., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2021). An Exploratory Study of English Teachers: The Use of Social Media for. Teaching English on Distance Learning. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.753
86. Virdi, P., Kalro, A. D., & Sharma, D. (2020). Consumer acceptance of social recommender systems in India. Online Information Review, 44(3), 723-744. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-05-2018-0177
87. Wulandari, I., Purwati, O., Setiawan, S., & Anam, S. u. (2021). AN INQUIRY INTO EFL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF WHATSAPP FOR ORAL PEER ASSESSMENT. Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature, 9(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.33603/PERSPECTIVE.V9I1.4502
88. Wulandari, R., Negeri, S., Tangerang Jalan Pendidikan Nomor, K., & Timur, M. (2021). Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Geometri Ruang pada Pembelajaran Daring dengan Model Discovery learning. Plusminus: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(2), 197-206. https://journal.institutpendidikan.ac.id/index.php/plusminus/article/view/pv1n2_01
89. Yoon, P., & Leem, J. (2021). The influence of social presence in online classes using virtual conferencing: Relationships between group cohesion, group efficacy, and academic performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13041988
90. Younis, K., Saada, A., & Khadragy, A. (2018). Exploring the Level of Utilizing Online Social Networks as Conventional Learning Settings in UAE from College Instructors' Perspectives. New Media and Mass Communication, 75(ISSN 2224-3267 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3275 (Online)), 30-38. www.iiste.org
91. Yousif, J. H., Khan, F. R., Al Jaradi, S. N., & Alshibli, A. S. (2021). Exploring the influence of social media usage for academic purposes using a partial least squares approach. Computation, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/COMPUTATION9060064
92. Zachos, G., Paraskevopoulou-Kollia, E. A., & Anagnostopoulos, I. (2018). Social Media Use in Higher Education: A Review. Education Sciences 2018, Vol. 8, Page 194, 8(4), 194-194. https://doi.org/10.3390/EDUCSCI8040194
93. Zarzycka, E., Krasodomska, J., Mazurczak-Mąka, A., & Turek-Radwan, M. (2021). Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: students’ communication and collaboration and the role of social media. http://www.editorialmanager.com/cogenthumanities, 8(1), 1953228-1953228. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1953228
94. Zeidan, A. A., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Tawfiq, M. Z. (2017). The effect of (macro/micro) wiki content organization on developing metacognition skills. Life Science Journal, 14(12), 114-120.
95. Zeidan, A. A., Alhalafawy, W. S., Tawfiq, M. Z., & Abdelhameed, W. R. (2015). The effectiveness of some e-blogging patterns on developing the informational awareness for the educational technology innovations and the King Abdul-Aziz University postgraduate students' attitudes towards it. Life Science Journal, 12(12), 53-61.
2. Al Abdullateef, H., Pasley, R., & Chesney, T. (2021). Exploring the Effect of Using WhatsApp for Education During Covid-19 on University Students’ Performance: A Technostress Perspective.
3. Al-Nasheri, A. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Opportunities and Challenges of Using Micro-learning during the Pandemic of COVID-19 from the Perspectives of Teachers. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(9s), 1195-1208.
4. Al-Rahmi, A. M., Shamsuddin, A., Alturki, U., Aldraiweesh, A., Yusof, F. M., Al-Rahmi, W. M., & Aljeraiwi, A. A. (2021). The influence of information system success and technology acceptance model on social media factors in education. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13147770
5. Al-Rahmi, W. M., & Zeki, A. M. (2017). A model of using social media for collaborative learning to enhance learners’ performance on learning. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, 29(4), 526-535. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JKSUCI.2016.09.002
6. Aladsani, H. K. (2021). University Students’ Use and Perceptions of Telegram to Promote Effective Educational Interactions: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(9), 182-197. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.19281
7. Alanzi, N. S. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022a). Investigation the requirements for implementing digital platforms during emergencies from the point of view of faculty members: qualitative research. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 4910-4920.
8. Alanzi, N. S. A., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022b). A Proposed Model for Employing Digital Platforms in Developing the Motivation for Achievement Among Students of Higher Education During Emergencies. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 4921-4933.
9. Alhalafawy, W., & Zaki, M. (2019). The effect of mobile digital content applications based on gamification in the development of psychological well-being.
10. Alhalafawy, W., & Zaki, M. T. (2022). How has gamification within digital platforms affected self-regulated learning skills during the COVID-19 pandemic? Mixed-methods research. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 17(6), 123-151.
11. Alhalafawy, W. S., Najmi, A. H., Zaki, M. Z. T., & Alharthi, M. A. (2021). Design an Adaptive Mobile Scaffolding System According to Students' Cognitive Style Simplicity vs Complexity for Enhancing Digital Well-Being. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(13).
12. Alhalafawy, W. S., & Tawfiq, M. Z. (2014). The relationship between types of image retrieval and cognitive style in developing visual thinking skills. Life Science Journal, 11(9), 865-879.
13. Alharbi, M., Kuhn, L., & Morphet, J. (2021). Nursing students' engagement with social media as an extracurricular activity: An integrative review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(1-2), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCN.15503
14. Almonacid-Fierro, A., Vargas-Vitoria, R., De Carvalho, R. S., & Fierro, M. A. (2021). Impact on teaching in times of COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i2.21129
15. Alqurashi, E. (2019). Predicting student satisfaction and perceived learning within online learning environments. Distance Education, 40(1), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1553562
16. Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Sustaining enhancement of learning outcomes across digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 2279-2301.
17. Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Digital Platforms and the Improvement of Learning Outcomes: Evidence Extracted from Meta-Analysis. Sustainability, 15(2), 1305.
18. Alubthane, F., & AlYoussef, I. (2021). Pre-Service Teachers ’ Views about Effective Use of the Whatsapp Application in Online Classrooms. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 20(1), 44-52.
19. Alzahrani, F. K. (2021). The effectiveness of Padlet in enhancing reading and writing skills in English language course among EFL students at secondary stage. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS], 15(1), 155-167.
20. Alzahrani, F. K., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2023). Gamification for Learning Sustainability in the Blackboard System: Motivators and Obstacles from Faculty Members’ Perspectives. Sustainability, 15(5), 4613.
21. Alzahrani, F. K. J., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Benefits and challenges of using gamification across distance learning platforms at higher education: a systematic review of research studies published during The COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(10), 1948-1977.
22. Alzahrani, F. K. J., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Alshammary, F. M. H. (2023). Teachers’ Perceptions of Madrasati Learning Management System (LMS) at Public Schools in Jeddah. مجلة الفنون والأدب وعلوم الإنسانيات والاجتماع(97), 345-363.
23. Alzahrani, F. K. J., Alshammary, F. M., & Alhalafawy, W. S. (2022). Gamified platforms: the impact of digital incentives on engagement in learning during Covide-19 pandemic. Cultural Management: Science and Education (CMSE), 7(2), 75-87.
24. Anderson, T. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities for use of Social Media in Higher Education. 6(1), 6-19.
25. Ansari, J. A. N., & Khan, N. A. (2020). Exploring the role of social media in collaborative learning the new domain of learning. Smart Learning Environments 2020 7:1, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40561-020-00118-7
26. Anthony, A. S. M. (2021). Use of Twitter Technology in Educational Learning. 20(2), 189-196.
27. Arshad, M., & Akram, M. S. (2018). Social media adoption by the academic community: Theoretical insights and empirical evidence from developing countries. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 19(3), 243-262. https://doi.org/10.19173/IRRODL.V19I3.3500
28. Balakrishnan, V., & Gan, C. L. (2016). Students’ learning styles and their effects on the use of social media technology for learning. Telematics and Informatics, 33(3), 808-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TELE.2015.12.004
29. Bina, N. S., Ramadhani, R., Andhany, E., & Wardani, H. (2021). Statistical Skills Analysis of Students Using Online-Learning Platforms such as Whatsapp, Youtube, and Zoom Meetings during Covid-19 Pandemic. JTAM (Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Matematika), 5(2), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.31764/JTAM.V5I2.5166
30. Buriro, M., Akhtar Ahmedani, A., & Ali Rahoo, L. (2021). The Impact of WhatsApp Usage on Academic Purposes among the Students of Higher Education Institutes of Sindh Province. Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government, 27(06), 2021-2021. https://doi.org/10.47750/cibg.2021.27.06.089
31. Candiasa, I. M., Mertasari, N. M. S., & Aryanta, M. (2021). Social media as integrated character education media. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1810(1), 012073-012073. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1810/1/012073
32. Cathala, X., Ocho, O. N., Watts, P. N., & Moorley, C. (2021). International student nurses' use of social media for learning: A cross sectional survey. Nurse Education Today, 107, 105160-105160. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NEDT.2021.105160
33. Cavus, N., Sani, A. S., Haruna, Y., & Lawan, A. A. (2021). Efficacy of social networking sites for sustainable education in the era of COVID-19: A systematic review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020808
34. Chang, B. (2021). Privacy Issues in Online Learning Environment. American Association for Adult and Continuing Education.
35. Chatterjee, I., & Chakraborty, P. (2020). Use of Information Communication Technology by Medical Educators Amid COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520966996, 49(3), 310-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520966996
36. Chelvarayan, A., Min, C. W., & Hashim, H. (2021). Social Media for Academic Purpose: The Influencing Factors. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(3), 4549-4562. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/social-media-academic-purpose-influencing-factors/docview/2565218035/se-2?accountid=201433
37. Cho, Y. K., & Sutton, C. L. (2021). Reputable internet retailers' service quality and social media use. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 12(1), 43-63. https://doi.org/10.7903/IJECS.1877
38. Chugh, R., & Ruhi, U. (2017). Social media in higher education: A literature review of Facebook. Education and Information Technologies 2017 23:2, 23(2), 605-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-017-9621-2
39. Creswell. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 3rd ed. Sage Publications, Inc.
40. Creswell, J. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Third Edition (Third edition. ed., Vol. 66). SAGE Publications.
41. Creswell, J., & Poth, C. (2017). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches 4th edition. Sage Publicatons Inc, Thousand Oaks, 1-646.
42. Dahdal, S. (2020). Using the WhatsApp Social Media Application for Active Learning. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520928307, 49(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047239520928307
43. Dutta, D. A. (2020). Impact of Digital Social Media on Indian Higher Education: Alternative Approaches of Online Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 10(05), 604-611. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.05.2020.p10169
44. Eroğlu, M., & Şenol, C. (2021). Emergency Remote Education Experiences of Teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Research. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(3), 161-172. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i3.3918
45. Fedock, B. C., McCartney, M., & Neeley, D. (2019). Online adjunct higher education teachers’ perceptions of using social media sites as instructional approaches. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 12(3), 222-235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-02-2018-0005
46. Gulzar, M. A., Ahmad, M., Hassan, M., & Rasheed, M. I. (2021). How social media use is related to student engagement and creativity: investigating through the lens of intrinsic motivation. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2021.1917660
47. Gunawan, G., Suranti, N. M. Y., & Fathoroni, F. (2020). Variations of Models and Learning Platforms for Prospective Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. Indonesian Journal of Teacher Education, 1(2), 61-70. https://journal.publication-center.com/index.php/ijte/article/view/95
48. Herring, S. C. (2013). Telepresence robots for academics. Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/MEET.14505001156
49. Hosen, M., Ogbeibu, S., Giridharan, B., Cham, T. H., Lim, W. M., & Paul, J. (2021). Individual motivation and social media influence on student knowledge sharing and learning performance: Evidence from an emerging economy. Computers & Education, 172, 104262-104262. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2021.104262
50. Iglesias-Pradas, S., Hernández-García, Á., Chaparro-Peláez, J., & Prieto, J. L. (2021). Emergency remote teaching and students’ academic performance in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study. Computers in Human Behavior, 119, 106713-106713. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2021.106713
51. Jabbar, J., Malik, S. I., AlFarsi, G., & Tawafak, R. M. (2021). The Impact of WhatsApp on Employees in Higher Education. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 295, 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47411-9_34
52. Kamble, A., Gauba, R., Desai, S., & Golhar, D. (2021). Learners’ Perception of the Transition to Instructor-Led Online Learning Environments: Facilitators and Barriers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 22(1), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v22i1.4971
53. Kara, N. (2021). Enablers and barriers of online learning during the covid-19 pandemic: A case study of an online university course. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.18.4.11
54. Lacka, E., Wong, T. C., & Haddoud, M. Y. (2021). Can digital technologies improve students' efficiency? Exploring the role of Virtual Learning Environment and Social Media use in Higher Education. Computers & Education, 163, 104099-104099. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2020.104099
55. Lambton-Howard, D., Kiaer, J., & Kharrufa, A. (2020). ‘Social media is their space’: student and teacher use and perception of features of social media in language education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1774653, 40(16), 1700-1715. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2020.1774653
56. Latipah, Y., & Gunawan, W. (2021). Emerging voice: Exploring the process of teacher-student dialogic interaction in mobile instant messaging (MIM) to construct voice in argumentative writing. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, 10(3), 782-793. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i3.31766
57. Lei, S. Y., Chiu, D. K. W., Lung, M. M. w., & Chan, C. T. (2021). Exploring the aids of social media for musical instrument education. International Journal of Music Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/0255761420986217
58. López-Carril, S., González-Serrano, M. H., Calabuig-Moreno, F., Añó, V., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2021). Development and preliminary validation of social media as an educational and professional tool student perceptions scale (Smept-sps). Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13041814
59. Mazurek, G., Korzyński, P., & Górska, A. (2019). Social media in the marketing of higher education institutions in Poland: Preliminary empirical studies. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(1), 117-133. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070107
60. Mirkovski, K., Jia, Y., Liu, L., & Chen, K. (2018). Understanding microblogging continuance intention: The directed social network perspective. Information Technology and People, 31(1), 215-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2015-0168
61. Muljana, P. S., & Luo, T. (2021). Utilizing learning analytics in course design: voices from instructional designers in higher education. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 33(1), 206-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-020-09262-y
62. Mulyono, H., Suryoputro, G., & Jamil, S. R. (2021). The application of WhatsApp to support online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Heliyon, 7(8), e07853-e07853. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E07853
63. Nadeak, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning Using Social Media during the Pandemic Period of COVID-19: A Case in Universitas Kristen Indonesia. http://sersc.org/journals/index.php/ijast
64. Najmi, A. H., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Zaki, M. Z. T. (2023). Developing a sustainable environment based on augmented reality to educate adolescents about the dangers of electronic gaming addiction. Sustainability, 15(4), 3185.
65. Neuman, W. L. (2009). Understanding research. https://books.google.com/books/about/Understanding_Research.html?id=uOWZpwAACAAJ
66. Novawan, A., Alvarez-Tosalem, S. M., Ismailia, T., Wicaksono, J. A., & Setiarini, R. B. (2021). Students’ Experiences of Online English Language Learning by Using YouTube. 220-226. https://doi.org/10.2991/ASSEHR.K.210101.048
67. Nugroho, A., Eko, A., & Atmojo, P. (2020). DIGITAL LEARNING OF ENGLISH BEYOND CLASSROOM: EFL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTION AND TEACHING ACTIVITIES. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 7(2), 219-243. https://jurnal.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/jeels/article/view/1993
68. Ogbonnaya, U. I. (2019). Adoption and perceived usefulness of social media by pre-service teachers in Nigeria. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 13(6), 52-67. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i06.10299
69. Ostic, D., Qalati, S. A., Barbosa, B., Shah, S. M. M., Galvan Vela, E., Herzallah, A. M., & Liu, F. (2021). Effects of Social Media Use on Psychological Well-Being: A Mediated Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.678766
70. Otchie, W. O., & Pedaste, M. (2020). European Journal of Educational Research Using Social Media for Learning in High Schools: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.889
71. Peng, M. H., & Hwang, H. G. (2021). An empirical study to explore the adoption of e-learning social media platform in taiwan: An integrated conceptual adoption framework based on technology acceptance model and technology threat avoidance theory. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13179946
72. Prestridge, S., Tondeur, J., & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, A. T. (2019). Insights from ICT-expert teachers about the design of educational practice: the learning opportunities of social media. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 28(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1578685
73. Qureshi, M. A., Khaskheli, A., Qureshi, J. A., Raza, S. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2021). Factors affecting students’ learning performance through collaborative learning and engagement. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1884886. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1884886
74. Rajeh, M. T., Sembawa, S. N., Nassar, A. A., Al Hebshi, S. A., Aboalshamat, K. T., & Badri, M. K. (2021). Social media as a learning tool: Dental students’ perspectives. Journal of Dental Education, 85(4), 513-520. https://doi.org/10.1002/JDD.12478
75. Ramdhani, T., & Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2021). The use of Whatsapp Social Media as Reinforcement Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 107-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/xxxx.vxix
76. Robinson, Z. Z., & Robinson, P. A. (2021). Using Social Media Tools for Promoting Critical Literacy Skills in the Classroom. American Association for Adult and Continuing Education.
77. Rodríguez-Moreno, J., Ortiz-Colón, A. M., Cordón-Pozo, E., & Agreda-Montoro, M. (2021). The influence of digital tools and social networks on the digital competence of university students during covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJERPH18062835
78. Sandelowski, M. (1995). Sample size in qualitative research. Research in Nursing & Health, 18(2), 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1002/NUR.4770180211
79. Seechaliao, T. (2017). Instructional Strategies to Support Creativity and Innovation in Education. Journal of Education and Learning, 6(4), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n4p201
80. Smith, E. E. (2017). Social media in undergraduate learning: categories and characteristics. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/S41239-017-0049-Y/TABLES/11
81. Sobaih, A. E. E., Hasanein, A. M., & Abu Elnasr, A. E. (2020). Responses to COVID-19 in higher education: Social media usage for sustaining formal academic communication in developing countries. Sustainability, 12(16), 6520-6520.
82. Suwandi, I. N. (2021). PROJECT-BASED LEARNING COMBINED WITH WHATSAPP APPLICATION TO DEVELOP STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS. International Journal of Social Science, 1(1), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i2.145
83. Syafiq, A. N., Rahmawati, A., Anwari, A., & Oktaviana, T. (2021). Increasing Speaking Skill through YouTube Video as English Learning Material during Online Learning in Pandemic Covid-19. Elsya : Journal of English Language Studies, 3(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.31849/ELSYA.V3I1.6206
84. Tan, K. H., Chan, P. P., & Mohd Said, N.-E. (2021). Higher Education Students’ Online Instruction Perceptions: A Quality Virtual Learning Environment. Sustainability, 13(19), 10840-10840. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU131910840
85. Ubaedillah, U., Pratiwi, D. I., Huda, S. T., & Kurniawan, D. A. (2021). An Exploratory Study of English Teachers: The Use of Social Media for. Teaching English on Distance Learning. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 5(2), 361-372. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.753
86. Virdi, P., Kalro, A. D., & Sharma, D. (2020). Consumer acceptance of social recommender systems in India. Online Information Review, 44(3), 723-744. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-05-2018-0177
87. Wulandari, I., Purwati, O., Setiawan, S., & Anam, S. u. (2021). AN INQUIRY INTO EFL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF WHATSAPP FOR ORAL PEER ASSESSMENT. Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature, 9(1), 37-49. https://doi.org/10.33603/PERSPECTIVE.V9I1.4502
88. Wulandari, R., Negeri, S., Tangerang Jalan Pendidikan Nomor, K., & Timur, M. (2021). Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Geometri Ruang pada Pembelajaran Daring dengan Model Discovery learning. Plusminus: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 1(2), 197-206. https://journal.institutpendidikan.ac.id/index.php/plusminus/article/view/pv1n2_01
89. Yoon, P., & Leem, J. (2021). The influence of social presence in online classes using virtual conferencing: Relationships between group cohesion, group efficacy, and academic performance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(4), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13041988
90. Younis, K., Saada, A., & Khadragy, A. (2018). Exploring the Level of Utilizing Online Social Networks as Conventional Learning Settings in UAE from College Instructors' Perspectives. New Media and Mass Communication, 75(ISSN 2224-3267 (Paper) ISSN 2224-3275 (Online)), 30-38. www.iiste.org
91. Yousif, J. H., Khan, F. R., Al Jaradi, S. N., & Alshibli, A. S. (2021). Exploring the influence of social media usage for academic purposes using a partial least squares approach. Computation, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/COMPUTATION9060064
92. Zachos, G., Paraskevopoulou-Kollia, E. A., & Anagnostopoulos, I. (2018). Social Media Use in Higher Education: A Review. Education Sciences 2018, Vol. 8, Page 194, 8(4), 194-194. https://doi.org/10.3390/EDUCSCI8040194
93. Zarzycka, E., Krasodomska, J., Mazurczak-Mąka, A., & Turek-Radwan, M. (2021). Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: students’ communication and collaboration and the role of social media. http://www.editorialmanager.com/cogenthumanities, 8(1), 1953228-1953228. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2021.1953228
94. Zeidan, A. A., Alhalafawy, W. S., & Tawfiq, M. Z. (2017). The effect of (macro/micro) wiki content organization on developing metacognition skills. Life Science Journal, 14(12), 114-120.
95. Zeidan, A. A., Alhalafawy, W. S., Tawfiq, M. Z., & Abdelhameed, W. R. (2015). The effectiveness of some e-blogging patterns on developing the informational awareness for the educational technology innovations and the King Abdul-Aziz University postgraduate students' attitudes towards it. Life Science Journal, 12(12), 53-61.
Published
2023-12-10
How to Cite
Ayman Ali Yahya Alarishi, & Prof. Dr. Walid Salem Mohamed Alhalafawy. (2023). The Role of Social Media in Improving Student Learning Opportunities During COVID-19 Pandemic: (Qualitative Research). Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (98), 61-86. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.98.2023.946
Issue
Section
المقالات
