How did Historians write Tourism History?
(A Critical Evaluation)
Abstract
The cultural experiences and practices in Western Europe and more generally in the West have dominated the manner with which the history of tourism have been written and to a certain extent world history until fairly recent period. Tourism began in Britain and with the aristocracy, or rather thanks to it, when aristocratic families started to spend part of their free time in health resorts and coastal cities and the so-called ‘Grand Tour’ appeared. (Withey, 1997) The history of tourism has also been associated with the activities of the leisure and tourism sector pioneers and their contractors such as Thomas Cook (Hamilton, 2005), the first entrepreneur to organize collective leisure trips in the early 19th century in Britain, before the idea of tourism gradually spread to the popular classes at the end of the century and beyond. This article stresses the need to pay more attention to the history of tourism in non-Western societies and cultures, and to focus on the normal and routine practices of different social strata. It also questions the approach which considers the development of tourism as a geographical process that began in Britain, Europe and the West, before spreading to the rest of the world, and as a social process that was first invented by the wealthy and then copied by other social groups. The article explains the key motives which made such an approach dominate the history of tourism and ultimately proposes some ideas for broadening the scope of research in this history.
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