Spatial Analysis of Depressions Distribution of Najaf and Muthanna Desserts
Abstract
The current study investigates depressions in the Southern Desert of Iraq by Remote Sensing and Digital Elevation Model. It also examines the distribution of these depressions and their spatial variation, study the causes of that variation, and then analyze their natural characteristics. Thus, the study area was divided into nine main basins, in which the depressions are distributed through a net of valleys that vary in number and length. Some of them pass through those depressions, while others end at them. Then, field verification is conducted to determine the locations of those depressions, their dimensions, and the potential for economic investment.
The study area, which focused on the Deserts of Najaf and Muthanna, constitutes an important part of the southern desert that occupies the southern part of Iraq, as it is characterized by prominent geomorphological shapes and features of which the depressions come in the forefront and occupy an area of (75.970.35 km2) of the total area of the Southern Iraqi Desert.
The study also states the distribution of depressions whose number reached (746). Then they were divided into large depressions (4), medium depressions (9) and small depressions (733). They varied in distribution depending on the statistical indicator of the average distance of the nearest neighbor, through which the type of distribution is decided. The distribution of the large depressions was convergent clustered with a value of (5.61) and the medium depressions were randomly spaced with a value of (175), while the distribution of small depressions was a regular divergent distribution with a value of (3. 41).
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