The Impact of Drought on the Agricultural Sector and the Preparedness of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers in Palestine

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the impact of drought on the agricultural sector in Palestine and to assess the level of preparedness by the Ministry of Agriculture and farmers. Conducted in the context of climate change, increasing drought waves, and fluctuating rainfall, the study addressed the resulting negative effects on agricultural productivity and food security. The research problem arises from the significant decline in crop yields, the growing challenges of water resources, and the presence of gaps in institutional readiness alongside weak adaptation practices among farmers. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach with a mixed-methods design, collecting data through quantitative questionnaires administered to a sample of farmers and agricultural extension officers in the governorates most affected by drought between 2022 and 2024. Additional data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with water resource experts and decision-makers, as well as through analysis of relevant strategic documents and plans. The findings revealed a significant decrease in rainfed and field crop productivity, rising irrigation and energy costs, increasing soil salinity, limited coverage of early warning systems, and varying levels of awareness among farmers regarding water-saving irrigation techniques. The study recommended expanding the scope of early warning systems, promoting the adoption of modern irrigation methods, rehabilitating degraded soils, providing concessional financing and climate insurance for farmers, and strengthening local and international partnerships to build sustainable resilience and enhance adaptation capacity to drought.