Social Protest Movements between Subjugation and Persuasion
(A field study from the viewpoint of educational leaders in Baghdad / Al-Zafaraniya area)
Keywords:
Demonstrations, Sit-ins, The protest movement, Social movement, protesters
Abstract
Social movements have proliferated in recent decades, and their scope, role and impact have expanded, due to the inability of traditional institutions, and their inability to meet and meet the demands of protesters, which is to provide the most basic requirements for a decent life, provide employment opportunities, and provide other services, and this is what is entrusted to social movements as a supplement or alternative to traditional authorities. In carrying out their beneficial job roles for the individual and the society, the purpose of these movements is often to make room for more civil rights, and in return we see other countermeasures that seek to preserve the current conditions. Opposites in various fields, including religious movements, but social movements represent the most effective, powerful and influential form of society.
The importance of social movements lies in the fact that they lead to imposing fundamental changes in policies whether it is a “reformist movement” or the overthrow of power (a revolutionary movement) or a change in the balance of power and opening roads to thwart ruling parties if it is “radical reformism” and we believe that the Iraqi protest movement belongs to the category The third, ie (radical reform movement).
The researcher kept up with sequential and interrelated events, especially as the social protest movement included an area of the city of Baghdad in which she lived and she herself was an eyewitness to many of the events that she wanted to produce in the form of a scientific study and to show some facts.
References
- اسراء جمال رشاد عرفات،2017 ،الحركات الاحتجاجية ودورها في مخرجات التغيير السياسي العربي – دراسة مقارنة بين مصر وتونس والبحرين ،رسالة ماجستير غير منشورة ،كلية الدرسات العليا في جامعة النجاح الوطنية ، فلسطين.
2- ابراهيم البيومي،2004 ،الحركات الاجتماعية ،تحولات البنية وانفتاح المجال،اسلام اونلاين ،
اآلتي http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
3- تشارلز تلي ،2005, الحركات الاجتماعية 1768- 2004, ترجمة : ربيع وهبه, المجلس الاعلى للثقافة, القاهرة.
4- جاك هارمان ،2010, خطابات علم الاجتماع في النظرية الاجتماعية, ترجمة : د. العياشي عنصر, دار المسيرة للنشر والتوزيع, عمان.
5- جون سكوت ،2009, علم الاجتماع , المفاهيم الأساسية, ترجمة : محمد عثمان, الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر, بيروت.
6- جاسم الحلفي ،2017, الحركات الاجتماعية في العراق, دار سطور, بغداد.
7- حيدر سعيد،2019، انتفاضة تشرين الاول/اكتوبر 2019 والحركات الاحتجاجية في العراق مابعد 2003،مقالة في ندوة (احتجاجات العراق مطالب الشارع وعنف السلطة )،المركز العربي للابحاث ودراسة السياسات،المركزالعربي المبنى الثقافي
8- رباح مجيد محمد الهيتي،2012 ،ثقافة الفساد الاداري في العراق،مسارات للتنمية والثقافة الاعلامية ،بغداد.
9- سيد فارس، 2016، الحركات الاجتماعية وممارسة التأطير, مقاربة إنثروبولوجية ,عالم الفكر العدد 170 – أكتوبر/ ديسمبر .
11- عبد الرحيم العطري،2011, سوسيولوجيا الحركات الاجتماعية. مجلة إضافات، مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، العدد 13.
12- علي طاهر الحمود ،2017, سوسيولوجيا الاحتجاج ,قراءة في حركة الاحتجاج المدني في العراق بعد 31 تموز 2015, المجلة السياسية والدولية الصادرة من كلية العلوم السياسية, الجامعة المستنصرية, العددان (35-36).
13- عبد اإلله فرح ،2013 ، أبعاد وتجليات االستخدام السياسي ، جريدة هدهد االلكترونية 8 فبراير ،وعلى الرابط االتي : http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
عدنان أبو مصلح ،2000، معجم علم االجتماع ، دار المشرق الثقافي ، عمان – الاردن. 14-
15- عبد الرحيم العطري،2006, الحركات الاحتجاجية بالمغرب : مؤشرات الاحتقان ومقدمات السخط الشعبي, الناشر دار دفاتر, الرباط.
16- عبد الحميد صيام ،2013،الربيع العربي بعد عامين،مراجعة اكاديمية اخطاء وخطايا،مجلة القدس العربي.
17- عمرو سعد الدين ،2012 ،الحركات الاحتجاجية في الثورات العربية واستفادة الامكنة ،مجلة الدراسات الفلسطينية ،العدد(89).
18- فرانسوا ديبو ،1999،سوسيولوجيا الحركات الاجتماعية ،جامعة بوردو الثاني للدراسات في مدرسة قصر دراسات العليا للعلوم الاجتماعية.
19- كريم محمد حمزة، 2015, نظريات علم الاجتماع, المركز العلمي العراقي- بغداد, دار ومكتبة البصائر, بيروت.
20- د. لاهاي عبد الحسين، 2012, مصطلحات ونصوص سويولوجية باللغتين العربية والانجليزية, المركز العلمي العراقي- بغداد, دار ومكتبة البصائر, بيروت.
21- مجموعة باحثين،2006 ، الحركات االجتماعية في العالم العربي ، ط1 ،مركز البحوث العربية واالفريقية.
References
1- Israa Jamal Rashad Arafat, 2017, the protest movements and their role in the outputs of Arab political change - a comparative study between Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Higher Studies at An-Najah National University, Palestine.
2- Ibrahim Al-Bayoumi, 2004, Social Movements, Structural Transformation and Openness of the Domain, Islam Online,
The following http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
3- Charles Tilly, 2005, Social Movements 1768- 2004, translation: Rabih Wehbe, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo.
4- Jack Harman, 2010, Sociology Letters in Social Theory, translation: d. Al-Ayashi element, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
5- John Scott, 2009, Sociology, Basic Concepts, translation: Muhammad Othman, The Arab Network for Research and Publishing, Beirut.
6- Jassem Al-Halfi, 2017, Social Movements in Iraq, Dar lines, Baghdad.
7- Haider Saeed, 2019, the October 2019 uprising and protest movements in Iraq after 2003, article in a symposium (Iraq protests, street demands and power violence), Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Arab Center for Cultural Building
8- Rabah Majid Muhammad Al-Hiti, 2012, Culture of Administrative Corruption in Iraq, Paths to Development and Media Culture, Baghdad.
9- Syed Faris, 2016, Social Movements and the Practice of Framing, An Anthropological Approach, The World of Thought No. 170 - October / December.
11- Abdul Rahim Al-Atri, 2011, Sociology of Social Movements. Additions Magazine, Center for Arab Unity Studies, No. 13.
12- Ali Taher Al-Hamoud, 2017, The Sociology of Protest, Reading in the Civil Protest Movement in Iraq after July 31, 2015, Political and International Journal issued by the College of Political Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, No. (35-36).
13- Abdullah Al-Farah, 2013, Dimensions and Manifestations of Political Use, Haddad Electronic Newspaper, February 8, at the following link: http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
Adnan Abu Musleh, 2000, Glossary of Sociology, Al-Mashreq Cultural House, Amman - Jordan. 14-
15- Abd al-Rahim al-Atri, 2006, Protest Movements in Morocco: Indicators of Congestion and the Introductions of Popular Discontent, Publisher Dar Dafater, Rabat.
16- Abdul Hamid Siam, 2013, The Arab Spring, two years later, review of the Academy of Errors and Sins, Al-Quds Al-Arabi magazine
17- Amr Saad El-Din, 2012, protest movements in the Arab revolutions and benefiting from places, Journal of Palestinian Studies, No. (89).
18- François Debot, 1999, Sociology of Social Movements, Purdue II University of Studies at the Palace of Graduate Studies School of Social Sciences.
19- Karim Muhammad Hamza, 2015, theories of sociology, the Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
20- Dr. The Hague Abdel-Hussein, 2012, terms and texts in Arabic and English in both languages, Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
21- Researchers Group, 2006, Social Movements in the Arab World, 1st edition, Arab and African Research Center.
-22Israa Jamal Rashad Arafat, 2017, the protest movements and their role in the outputs of Arab political change - a comparative study between Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Higher Studies at An-Najah National University, Palestine.
23- Ibrahim Al-Bayoumi, 2004, Social Movements, Structural Transformation and Openness of the Domain, Islam Online,
The following http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
24- Charles Tilly, 2005, Social Movements 1768- 2004, translation: Rabih Wehbe, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo.
25- Jack Harman, 2010, Sociology Letters in Social Theory, translation: d. Al-Ayashi element, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
26- John Scott, 2009, Sociology, Basic Concepts, translation: Muhammad Othman, The Arab Network for Research and Publishing, Beirut.
27- Jassem Al-Halfi, 2017, Social Movements in Iraq, Dar lines, Baghdad.
28- Haider Saeed, 2019, the October 2019 uprising and protest movements in Iraq after 2003, article in a symposium (Iraq protests, street demands and power violence), Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Arab Center for Cultural Building
29- Rabah Majid Muhammad Al-Hiti, 2012, Culture of Administrative Corruption in Iraq, Paths to Development and Media Culture, Baghdad.
30- Syed Faris, 2016, Social Movements and the Practice of Framing, An Anthropological Approach, The World of Thought No. 170 - October / December.
31- Abdul Rahim Al-Atri, 2011, Sociology of Social Movements. Additions Magazine, Center for Arab Unity Studies, No. 13.
32- Ali Taher Al-Hamoud, 2017, The Sociology of Protest, Reading in the Civil Protest Movement in Iraq after July 31, 2015, Political and International Journal issued by the College of Political Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, No. (35-36).
33- Abdullah Al-Farah, 2013, Dimensions and Manifestations of Political Use, Haddad Electronic Newspaper, February 8, at the following link: http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
34-Adnan Abu Musleh, 2000, Glossary of Sociology, Al-Mashreq Cultural House, Amman - Jordan. 14-
35- Abd al-Rahim al-Atri, 2006, protest movements in Morocco: indicators of congestion and the premises of popular discontent, publisher Dar Dafater, Rabat.
36- Abdul Hamid Siam, 2013, The Arab Spring, two years later, review of the Academy of Errors and Sins, Al-Quds Al-Arabi Magazine.
37- Amr Saad El-Din, 2012, protest movements in the Arab revolutions and benefiting from places, Journal of Palestinian Studies, No. (89).
38- François Debot, 1999, Sociology of Social Movements, Purdue II University of Studies at the Palace of Graduate Studies School of Social Sciences.
39- Karim Mohamed Hamza, 2015, theories of sociology, the Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
40- Dr. The Hague Abdel-Hussein, 2012, terms and texts in Arabic and English in both languages, Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
41- Researchers Group, 2006, Social Movements in the Arab World, 1st edition, Arab
and African Research Center
ثانيا :- المصادر الاجنبية
-42Cahrles Tilly,1973 ،"Does modernization breed revolution" from Comparative Politics ،Vol.5 ،The City University of New York ،pp. 425 – 427
-43Herbert Blumer:, social movements, in: Alfred McClung Lee, New Outline of the principles of sociology. New York; Barnes and Noble, p 199
-44Oren Pizmony –Levy.2007, Youth Support For Social Movement In Twenty Eight Countries, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA,New York , Aug 11.
-45Rudelf Herberle,1951, Social Movement : An introduction to Political Sociology, AppletonCentury_Grofts, INC, New York .p 43.
-24 https://ar.wikipedia.org/wikiالاحتجاجات العراقية 20/2019/
2- ابراهيم البيومي،2004 ،الحركات الاجتماعية ،تحولات البنية وانفتاح المجال،اسلام اونلاين ،
اآلتي http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
3- تشارلز تلي ،2005, الحركات الاجتماعية 1768- 2004, ترجمة : ربيع وهبه, المجلس الاعلى للثقافة, القاهرة.
4- جاك هارمان ،2010, خطابات علم الاجتماع في النظرية الاجتماعية, ترجمة : د. العياشي عنصر, دار المسيرة للنشر والتوزيع, عمان.
5- جون سكوت ،2009, علم الاجتماع , المفاهيم الأساسية, ترجمة : محمد عثمان, الشبكة العربية للأبحاث والنشر, بيروت.
6- جاسم الحلفي ،2017, الحركات الاجتماعية في العراق, دار سطور, بغداد.
7- حيدر سعيد،2019، انتفاضة تشرين الاول/اكتوبر 2019 والحركات الاحتجاجية في العراق مابعد 2003،مقالة في ندوة (احتجاجات العراق مطالب الشارع وعنف السلطة )،المركز العربي للابحاث ودراسة السياسات،المركزالعربي المبنى الثقافي
8- رباح مجيد محمد الهيتي،2012 ،ثقافة الفساد الاداري في العراق،مسارات للتنمية والثقافة الاعلامية ،بغداد.
9- سيد فارس، 2016، الحركات الاجتماعية وممارسة التأطير, مقاربة إنثروبولوجية ,عالم الفكر العدد 170 – أكتوبر/ ديسمبر .
11- عبد الرحيم العطري،2011, سوسيولوجيا الحركات الاجتماعية. مجلة إضافات، مركز دراسات الوحدة العربية، العدد 13.
12- علي طاهر الحمود ،2017, سوسيولوجيا الاحتجاج ,قراءة في حركة الاحتجاج المدني في العراق بعد 31 تموز 2015, المجلة السياسية والدولية الصادرة من كلية العلوم السياسية, الجامعة المستنصرية, العددان (35-36).
13- عبد اإلله فرح ،2013 ، أبعاد وتجليات االستخدام السياسي ، جريدة هدهد االلكترونية 8 فبراير ،وعلى الرابط االتي : http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
عدنان أبو مصلح ،2000، معجم علم االجتماع ، دار المشرق الثقافي ، عمان – الاردن. 14-
15- عبد الرحيم العطري،2006, الحركات الاحتجاجية بالمغرب : مؤشرات الاحتقان ومقدمات السخط الشعبي, الناشر دار دفاتر, الرباط.
16- عبد الحميد صيام ،2013،الربيع العربي بعد عامين،مراجعة اكاديمية اخطاء وخطايا،مجلة القدس العربي.
17- عمرو سعد الدين ،2012 ،الحركات الاحتجاجية في الثورات العربية واستفادة الامكنة ،مجلة الدراسات الفلسطينية ،العدد(89).
18- فرانسوا ديبو ،1999،سوسيولوجيا الحركات الاجتماعية ،جامعة بوردو الثاني للدراسات في مدرسة قصر دراسات العليا للعلوم الاجتماعية.
19- كريم محمد حمزة، 2015, نظريات علم الاجتماع, المركز العلمي العراقي- بغداد, دار ومكتبة البصائر, بيروت.
20- د. لاهاي عبد الحسين، 2012, مصطلحات ونصوص سويولوجية باللغتين العربية والانجليزية, المركز العلمي العراقي- بغداد, دار ومكتبة البصائر, بيروت.
21- مجموعة باحثين،2006 ، الحركات االجتماعية في العالم العربي ، ط1 ،مركز البحوث العربية واالفريقية.
References
1- Israa Jamal Rashad Arafat, 2017, the protest movements and their role in the outputs of Arab political change - a comparative study between Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Higher Studies at An-Najah National University, Palestine.
2- Ibrahim Al-Bayoumi, 2004, Social Movements, Structural Transformation and Openness of the Domain, Islam Online,
The following http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
3- Charles Tilly, 2005, Social Movements 1768- 2004, translation: Rabih Wehbe, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo.
4- Jack Harman, 2010, Sociology Letters in Social Theory, translation: d. Al-Ayashi element, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
5- John Scott, 2009, Sociology, Basic Concepts, translation: Muhammad Othman, The Arab Network for Research and Publishing, Beirut.
6- Jassem Al-Halfi, 2017, Social Movements in Iraq, Dar lines, Baghdad.
7- Haider Saeed, 2019, the October 2019 uprising and protest movements in Iraq after 2003, article in a symposium (Iraq protests, street demands and power violence), Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Arab Center for Cultural Building
8- Rabah Majid Muhammad Al-Hiti, 2012, Culture of Administrative Corruption in Iraq, Paths to Development and Media Culture, Baghdad.
9- Syed Faris, 2016, Social Movements and the Practice of Framing, An Anthropological Approach, The World of Thought No. 170 - October / December.
11- Abdul Rahim Al-Atri, 2011, Sociology of Social Movements. Additions Magazine, Center for Arab Unity Studies, No. 13.
12- Ali Taher Al-Hamoud, 2017, The Sociology of Protest, Reading in the Civil Protest Movement in Iraq after July 31, 2015, Political and International Journal issued by the College of Political Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, No. (35-36).
13- Abdullah Al-Farah, 2013, Dimensions and Manifestations of Political Use, Haddad Electronic Newspaper, February 8, at the following link: http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
Adnan Abu Musleh, 2000, Glossary of Sociology, Al-Mashreq Cultural House, Amman - Jordan. 14-
15- Abd al-Rahim al-Atri, 2006, Protest Movements in Morocco: Indicators of Congestion and the Introductions of Popular Discontent, Publisher Dar Dafater, Rabat.
16- Abdul Hamid Siam, 2013, The Arab Spring, two years later, review of the Academy of Errors and Sins, Al-Quds Al-Arabi magazine
17- Amr Saad El-Din, 2012, protest movements in the Arab revolutions and benefiting from places, Journal of Palestinian Studies, No. (89).
18- François Debot, 1999, Sociology of Social Movements, Purdue II University of Studies at the Palace of Graduate Studies School of Social Sciences.
19- Karim Muhammad Hamza, 2015, theories of sociology, the Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
20- Dr. The Hague Abdel-Hussein, 2012, terms and texts in Arabic and English in both languages, Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
21- Researchers Group, 2006, Social Movements in the Arab World, 1st edition, Arab and African Research Center.
-22Israa Jamal Rashad Arafat, 2017, the protest movements and their role in the outputs of Arab political change - a comparative study between Egypt, Tunisia and Bahrain, unpublished Master Thesis, College of Higher Studies at An-Najah National University, Palestine.
23- Ibrahim Al-Bayoumi, 2004, Social Movements, Structural Transformation and Openness of the Domain, Islam Online,
The following http://www.islamonline.net/arabic/mafaheem/2004/05/article01.shtml
24- Charles Tilly, 2005, Social Movements 1768- 2004, translation: Rabih Wehbe, Supreme Council of Culture, Cairo.
25- Jack Harman, 2010, Sociology Letters in Social Theory, translation: d. Al-Ayashi element, Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing and Distribution, Amman.
26- John Scott, 2009, Sociology, Basic Concepts, translation: Muhammad Othman, The Arab Network for Research and Publishing, Beirut.
27- Jassem Al-Halfi, 2017, Social Movements in Iraq, Dar lines, Baghdad.
28- Haider Saeed, 2019, the October 2019 uprising and protest movements in Iraq after 2003, article in a symposium (Iraq protests, street demands and power violence), Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Arab Center for Cultural Building
29- Rabah Majid Muhammad Al-Hiti, 2012, Culture of Administrative Corruption in Iraq, Paths to Development and Media Culture, Baghdad.
30- Syed Faris, 2016, Social Movements and the Practice of Framing, An Anthropological Approach, The World of Thought No. 170 - October / December.
31- Abdul Rahim Al-Atri, 2011, Sociology of Social Movements. Additions Magazine, Center for Arab Unity Studies, No. 13.
32- Ali Taher Al-Hamoud, 2017, The Sociology of Protest, Reading in the Civil Protest Movement in Iraq after July 31, 2015, Political and International Journal issued by the College of Political Science, Al-Mustansiriya University, No. (35-36).
33- Abdullah Al-Farah, 2013, Dimensions and Manifestations of Political Use, Haddad Electronic Newspaper, February 8, at the following link: http://www.alhodhode.com/articles/435/1//Page1.html
34-Adnan Abu Musleh, 2000, Glossary of Sociology, Al-Mashreq Cultural House, Amman - Jordan. 14-
35- Abd al-Rahim al-Atri, 2006, protest movements in Morocco: indicators of congestion and the premises of popular discontent, publisher Dar Dafater, Rabat.
36- Abdul Hamid Siam, 2013, The Arab Spring, two years later, review of the Academy of Errors and Sins, Al-Quds Al-Arabi Magazine.
37- Amr Saad El-Din, 2012, protest movements in the Arab revolutions and benefiting from places, Journal of Palestinian Studies, No. (89).
38- François Debot, 1999, Sociology of Social Movements, Purdue II University of Studies at the Palace of Graduate Studies School of Social Sciences.
39- Karim Mohamed Hamza, 2015, theories of sociology, the Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
40- Dr. The Hague Abdel-Hussein, 2012, terms and texts in Arabic and English in both languages, Iraqi Scientific Center - Baghdad, House and Library of Insights, Beirut.
41- Researchers Group, 2006, Social Movements in the Arab World, 1st edition, Arab
and African Research Center
ثانيا :- المصادر الاجنبية
-42Cahrles Tilly,1973 ،"Does modernization breed revolution" from Comparative Politics ،Vol.5 ،The City University of New York ،pp. 425 – 427
-43Herbert Blumer:, social movements, in: Alfred McClung Lee, New Outline of the principles of sociology. New York; Barnes and Noble, p 199
-44Oren Pizmony –Levy.2007, Youth Support For Social Movement In Twenty Eight Countries, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, TBA,New York , Aug 11.
-45Rudelf Herberle,1951, Social Movement : An introduction to Political Sociology, AppletonCentury_Grofts, INC, New York .p 43.
-24 https://ar.wikipedia.org/wikiالاحتجاجات العراقية 20/2019/
Published
2020-06-08
How to Cite
Assist. Prof. Wedian Yaseen Obaid. (2020). Social Protest Movements between Subjugation and Persuasion: (A field study from the viewpoint of educational leaders in Baghdad / Al-Zafaraniya area). Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (53), 165-188. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.53.2020.106
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Section
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