Gender Bias in Islamic Education School Textbooks in Oman- Grade 3
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Gender bias, occupational roles, Islamic education, Gender firstness, Gender representation, Men dominance
الملخص
This paper aims to analyze gender bias in the Islamic education school textbooks- Grade 3 used in all public schools in Oman. Quantitative and qualitative content analyses are used to investigate the following categories: images, occupational roles, names, adjectives, and gender firstness. Study findings show that gender bias is still strongly visible and ingrained in the four Islamic education school textbooks used in Grade 3. Men were dominant in almost all school textbooks. Men, for example, were strongly more visible than women in the following categories: images, occupational roles, names, and gender firstness in most textbooks. Women, on the other hand, were more visible than men in only one Islamic education textbook (Part 1, Semester 2) in the category related to gender firstness. The study findings also show that traditional occupational roles of men and women are still present in textbooks. In general, the Islamic education school textbooks used in all public schools in Oman confirm the findings of other previous studies in terms of the presence of gender bias against women in school curricula. The findings of the present study should help book writers promote gender equality and fight gender-biased against women in school textbooks around the world.
المراجع
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2. Ahmad, M., & Shah, S. (2019). A critical discourse analysis of gender representations in the content of 5th grade English language textbook. International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2019.3989
3. Akay Şahi, M. & Acikalin, M. (2021). Gender representation in elementary and middle school social studies textbooks in Turkey. Journal of International Women's Studies, 22(1), 417-445. https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss1/25
4. Ariyanto, S. A. (2018). A portrait of gender bias in the prescribed Indonesian ELT textbook for junior high school students. Sexuality & Gender, 22, 1054–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9512-8
5. Bataineh, A. M. (2023). An Investigation of Linguistic Sexism in the North Star
6. Workbooks: 1, 2, and 3. European Chemical Bulletin, 12 (7).
7. https://www.eurchembull.com/issue-content/an-investigation-of-linguistic-sexism-in-the-north-star-workbooks-1-2-and-3-6770
8. Bataineh, A. M. (2022). Analysis of personal traits in 16 Omani English language school textbooks. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 3 (12). https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.8.5
9. Bataineh, A. M. (2021). Linguistic sexism in the Pre-intermediate Market Leader: Business English Course Book. Journal of International Women's Studies: 22(9). https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss9/22
10. Blumberg, R. L. (2007). Gender bias in textbooks: a hidden obstacle on the road to gender equality in education. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000155509
11. Cheung, K. K. Ch. & Winterbottom, M. (2021): Students’ integration of textbook representations into their understanding of photomicrographs: epistemic network analysis. Research in Science & Technological Education, DOI: 10.1080/02635143.2021.1920382
12. Creswell, J. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
13. Creswell, J. W., Fetters, M. D., & Ivankova, N. V. (2004). Designing a mixed methods study in primary care. Annals of family medicine, 2(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.104
14. Curaming, R.A., & Alkaff, S.N. (2021). Shattering or supporting stereotypes? Examining gender in/equality in English language textbooks in Brunei. Journal of international women's studies, 22, 167-190. DOI:10.1007/S12119-020-09750-4
15. Curaming, E.M., & Curaming, R.A. (2020). Gender (In)equality in English textbooks in the Philippines: A critical discourse analysis. Sexuality & Culture, 24, 1167-1188. DOI:10.1007/S12119-020-09750-4
16. Dominguez, L. M. (2003). Gender textbook evaluation [Unpublished master’s thesis], University of Birmingham. https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/collegeartslaw/cels/essays/sociolinguistics/Dominguez5.pdf
17. Dawar, T. & Anand, S. (2017). Gender bias in textbooks across the world. International Journal of Applied Home Science, 4 (3&4), 224-235.
18. Fani, P., E., & Yonata, F. (2022). Female representation in primary school English textbooks: The portrait of gender in Indonesian EFL education. KnE Social Sciences.
19. Fischler, A. S. (2011). Mixed methods. https://education.nova.edu/Resources/uploads/app/35/files/arc_doc/mixed_methods.pdf
20. Gharbavi, A. & Mousavi, S. A. (2012). A content analysis of textbooks: investigating gender bias as a social prominence in Iranian high school English textbooks. English Linguistics Research, 1(1), 42-49. doi:10.5430/elr.v1n1p42
21. Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Turner, L. A. (2007). Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(2), 112-133.
22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
23. Islam, K. M. M., & Asadullah, M. N. (2016). Gender stereotypes and education: A multi-country content analysis study of secondary school textbooks. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38r9r094
24. Kayed, M. A., Al_Khawaldah, S. K., & Alzu’bi, M. A. (2020). Critical discourse analysis of gender representations in EFL textbooks. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 9(4), 244–254. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.23.2020.94.244.254
25. Kerkhoven, A. H., Russo, P., Land-Zandstra, A. M., Saxena, A., & Rodenburg, F. J. (2016). Gender Stereotypes in Science Education Resources: A Visual Content Analysis. PloS one, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165037
26. Lee, J. F. K. (2018). Gender representation in Japanese EFL textbooks – a corpus study. Gender and Education, 30(3), 379-395. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2016.1214690
27. Lee, J. F. K. & Collins, P. (2010). Construction of gender: a comparison of Australian and Hong Kong English language textbooks. Journal of Gender Studies, 19(2), 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589231003695856
28. Lucy, L., Demszky, D., Bromley, P., & Jurafsky, D. (2020). Content Analysis of Textbooks via Natural Language Processing: Findings on Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in Texas U.S. History Textbooks. AERA Open, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420940312
29. Markova, E., Aeschlimannn, B. & Herzog, W. (2019). The gender gap in STEM fields: The impact of the genders of math and science on secondary students' career aspirations. Frontiers in Education, 4(60). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00060
30. Moreau J. (2010). Schoolbook nation: Conflicts over American history textbooks from the Civil War to the present. University of Michigan Press.
31. Murray, C., Anderson, Y., Simms, Ch., Seery, M. K. (2022). Representations of women and men in popular chemistry textbooks in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Chemistry Education and Practice, 2(23), 373-384. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RP00187F
32. Nair, V. (2022). New school year begins in Oman. Oman Observer
33. https://www.omanobserver.om/article/1124632/oman/education/new-school-year-begins-in-oman
34. Nofal, M. Y., & Qawar, H. A. (2015). Gender representation in English language textbooks: Action pack 10. American Journal of Educational Science, 1(2), 14-18.
35. Orfan, S. N. (2021). High school English textbooks promote gender inequality in Afghanistan. Pedagogy, Culture, and Society, DOI: 10.1080/14681366.2021.1914148.
36. Papadakis, S. (2018). Gender stereotypes in Greek computer science school textbooks. International Journal of Teaching and Case Studies, 9(1), 48-71.
37. Robinson, R.S. (2014). Purposive sampling. In: Michalos, A.C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2337
38. Schram, A. B. (2014) A mixed method content analysis of the research literature in science education. International Journal of Science Education, 36(15), 2619-2638, DOI: 10.1080/09500693.2014.908328
39. Shafer, L. (2018). Preventing gender bias: How parents and caregivers can work to counter stereotyping and discrimination — starting in early childhood. https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/18/11/preventing-gender-bias
40. Sharma, M & Parika, M. (2020). Gender bias in education. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(7). https://ejmcm.com/pdf_6019_ab28d12f6698353ee3b3b72f90587e3b.html
41. Siren, T. (2018). Representations of men and women in English language textbooks: A critical discourse analysis of open road 1-7(Master Thesis). University of Oulu, Finland.
42. Suwarno, Triyono, S., Ashadi, Sahayu, W. (2021). Gender construction in the Indonesian government-distributed English textbook: combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics. Sexuality & Culture 25, 2158–2175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-021-09870-5
43. Torney-Purta J., Lehmann R., Oswald H., Schulz W. (2001). Citizenship and education in twenty-eight countries: Civic knowledge and engagement at age fourteen. IEA Secretariat.
44. Ullah, H., & Haque, H. (2016). The representation of boys' and girls' activities in school textbooks. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 10(1), 81-87.
45. UNESCO (2020). Gender report: A new generation: 25 years of efforts for gender equality in education.
46. https://gem-report-2020.unesco.org/gender-report/countries-are-still-falling-short-in-developing-textbooks-free-of-gender-based-stereotypes/
منشور
2023-10-11
كيفية الاقتباس
Dr. Adnan Mohammad Bataineh, Ms. Amna Hassan Ali Al-Shidi, & Kashif Ali Sabiri. (2023). Gender Bias in Islamic Education School Textbooks in Oman- Grade 3. Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (96), 333-348. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.96.2023.921
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