Social Media and Mental Health
(A Comprehensive Examination of Depression, Anxiety, and Body Image Concerns)
الكلمات المفتاحية:
body image concerns, mental health, public health, social media, anxiety
الملخص
The growing prevalence of media in our lives has sparked discussions among experts about its effects on well-being, especially among vulnerable groups such as young adults and women. Individuals with these demographic characteristics are more prone to mental health issues due to factors such as interpersonal comparison and cyberbullying. In this study, a segmented approach was adopted to examine the connection between media utilization and its influence on psychological health such as depression, anxiety and body image concerns. Using structured questionnaires, data was collect from a sample of 611 Saudi Arabian residents aged 18 and above. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square, correlation and path analysis, were conducted to examine these associations. Results revealed concerning patterns, with 30.6% of participants reporting heightened symptoms of depression. Females exhibited higher rates (35.02%) in comparison to males (22.48%). Anxiety symptoms presented in 66% of the sample group. Additionally, more than 40% of social media users expressed concerns about their body image. Age was found to have a moderating effect on the association between social media usage and anxiety levels, indicating a stronger impact on anxiety symptoms among older individuals compared to younger individuals, while gender did not appear to have any influence. These findings hold implications for public health policies and interventions underscoring the importance of tailored programs that address the health risks associated with social media use. To shape policies, it is important to focus on advancing literacy by implementing awareness programs and creating preventive measures specifically designed for vulnerable groups.
المراجع
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4. AlHadi, A. N., AlAteeq, D. A., Al-Sharif, E., Bawazeer, H. M., Alanazi, H., AlShomrani, A. T., & AlOwaybil, R. (2017). An arabic translation, reliability, and validation of Patient Health Questionnaire in a Saudi sample. Annals of general psychiatry, 16(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-017-0155-1
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11. Blomfield Neira, C. J., & Barber, B. L. (2014). Social networking site use: Linked to adolescents' social self‐concept, self‐esteem, and depressed mood. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(1), 56-64. h ttps://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12034 Cao, X., Zhang, H., Li, P., & Huang, X. ( 2022). The influence of mental health on job satisfaction: mediating effect of psychological capital and social capital. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 797274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.797274
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13. De Vries, D. A., Peter, J., De Graaf, H., & Nikken, P. (2016). Adolescents’ social network site use, peer appearance-related feedback, and body dissatisfaction: Testing a mediation model. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45, 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0266-4
14. Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., & Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—A study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012
15. Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). The mediating role of appearance comparisons in the relationship between media usage and self-objectification in young women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(4), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315581841
16. Galderisi, S., Heinz, A., Kastrup, M., Beezhold, J., & Sartorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health. World Psychiatry, 14 (2), 231. https:// doi: 10.1002/wps.20231
17. Haferkamp, N., & Krämer, N. C. ( 2011). Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(5), 309-314. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0120
18. Hanna, E., Ward, L. M., Seabrook, R. C., Jerald, M., Reed, L., Giaccardi, S., & Lippman, J. R. (2017). Contributions of social comparison and self-objectification in mediating associations between Facebook use and emergent adults' psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(3), 172-179.
19. Hardy, B. W., & Castonguay, J. (2018). The moderating role of age in the relationship between social media use and mental well-being: An analysis of the 2016 General Social Survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.005
20. Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body image, 17, 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.02.008
21. Hou, F., Bi, F., Jiao, R., Luo, D., & Song, K. (2020). Gender differences of depression and anxiety among social media users during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 20, 1-11.
22. Karim, F., Oyewande, A. A., Abdalla, L. F., Ehsanullah, R. C., & Khan, S. (2020). Social media use and its connection to mental health: a systematic review. Cureus, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8627
23. Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International journal of adolescence and youth, 25(1), 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
24. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ‐9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
25. Lin, L. Y., Sidani, J. E., Shensa, A., Radovic, A., Miller, E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. A. (2016). Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depression and anxiety, 33(4), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466
26. Lu, X., Jiang, J., Head, M., Kahai, S. S., & Yang, J. (2023). Synergistic Impacts of online and offline social participation on older adults’ subjective well-being: evidence from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. European Journal of Information Systems, 1-18.
27. Manago, A. M., Graham, M. B., Greenfield, P. M., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on MySpace. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 446-458.
28. Marengo, D., Longobardi, C., Fabris, M. A., & Settanni, M. (2018). Highly-visual social media and internalizing symptoms in adolescence: The mediating role of body image concerns. Computers in Human Behavior, 82, 63-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.003
29. National Institute of Mental Health. (2019). Major Depression. Retrieved 19/08/2023 from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression
30. Nesi, J., & Prinstein, M. J. (2015). Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: Gender and popularity moderate associations with depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 43, 1427-1438.
31. Nihalani, N., Simionescu, M., & Dunlop, B. W. (2009). Depression: phenomenology, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. In Depression (pp. 13-33). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.3109/9781420084887.001
32. O’Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100070
33. O’reilly, M., Dogra, N., Whiteman, N., Hughes, J., Eruyar, S., & Reilly, P. (2018). Is social media bad for mental health and wellbeing? Exploring the perspectives of adolescents. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry, 23(4), 601-613. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104518775154
34. Ohannessian, C. M., Fagle, T., & Salafia, C. (2021). Social media use and internalizing symptoms during early adolescence: the role of co-rumination. Journal of affective disorders, 280, 85-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.079
35. Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex roles, 71(11-12), 363-377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6
36. Primack, B. A., & Escobar-Viera, C. G. (2017). Social media as it interacts with psychosocial development and mental illness in transitional-age youth. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 26(2), 217-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.12.007.
37. Rice, S. M., Goodall, J., Hetrick, S. E., Parker, A. G., Gilbertson, T., Amminger, G. P., & & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2014). Online and social networking interventions for the treatment of depression in young people: a systematic review. Journal of medical Internet research, 16(9), e206. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.3304
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منشور
2024-12-14
كيفية الاقتباس
Dr. Yaser A. Alghamdi. (2024). Social Media and Mental Health: (A Comprehensive Examination of Depression, Anxiety, and Body Image Concerns). Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (115), 398-421. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.115.2024.1308
إصدار
القسم
المقالات
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Dr. Yaser A. Alghamdi
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