Empowering the Intellectually Disabled
(Innovations and Pathways to Employment Inclusion)
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Employment Inclusion; Intellectual Disability; Economic Empowerment; Policy Frameworks; Innovation
الملخص
This review paper explores the trajectory of employment inclusion and economic empowerment for intellectually disabled individuals, analyzing historical perspectives, current practices, and future directions in the field. Through a comprehensive examination of global policies, innovative practices, and emerging trends, the paper highlights ongoing challenges, such as stigma and limited access to opportunities, while also identifying promising innovations, including remote work arrangements, technology-driven solutions, and entrepreneurship initiatives. By synthesizing lessons learned from successful policy frameworks and identifying areas for future research and pilot programs, the paper underscores the importance of collective action and commitment to creating a more inclusive and equitable workforce for all individuals, regardless of ability.
المراجع
1. Barba-Sánchez, Virginia & Salinero, Yolanda & Estévez, Pedro & Galindo, Esteban. (2021). Contribution of Entrepreneurship to the Social Integration of People Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study Based on the Analysis of Social Networks. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. 725060. 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725060.
2. Beyer, Stephen & Jordán de Urríes, Francisco de Borja & Verdugo, Miguel. (2010). A Comparative Study of the Situation of Supported Employment in Europe. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 7. 130 - 136. 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00255.x.
3. Caldwell, Kate & Harris, Sarah & Renko, Maija. (2016). Social Entrepreneurs with Disabilities: Exploring Motivational and Attitudinal Factors. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies. 5. 211. 10.15353/cjds.v5i1.255.
4. Chumo, Ivy & Kabaria, Caroline & Mberu, Blessing. (2023). Social inclusion of persons with disability in employment: what would it take to socially support employed persons with disability in the labor market?. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences. 4. 10.3389/fresc.2023.1125129.
5. Fuhrmann, Frauke & Scholl, Margit & Bruggemann, Rainer. (2018). How Can the Empowerment of Employees with Intellectual Disabilities Be Supported?. Social Indicators Research. 136. 1-17. 10.1007/s11205-017-1666-5.
6. Griffiths, Andrew & Bechange, Stevens & Loryman, Hannah & Iga, Chris & Schmidt, Elena. (2020). How Do Legal and Policy Frameworks Support Employment of People With Disabilities in Uganda? Findings From a Qualitative Policy Analysis Study. Journal of International Development. 32. 10.1002/jid.3508.
7. Karabulut, Alpaslan & İnce, Mehmet & Yıldırım, Hasan. (2023). Employers Views on Problems Encountered by Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities at Workplace. Türk Akademik Yayınlar Dergisi. 7. 44-60. 10.29329/tayjournal.2023.537.03.
8. Keeratiphantawong, Sakulthip. (2014). The study of best practice for developing social enterprise for people with disabilities. International Journal of Disability Management. 9. 10.1017/idm.2014.31.
9. Kuznetsova, Yuliya & Yalcin, Betul. (2017). Inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream employment: is it really all about the money? A case study of four large companies in Norway and Sweden. Disability & Society. 32. 1-21. 10.1080/09687599.2017.1281794.
10. Li, Bingqin & Fisher, Karen & Quan Farrant, Frances & Cheng, Zhiming. (2021). Digital policy to disability employment? An ecosystem perspective on China and Australia. Social Policy & Administration. 55. 863-878. 10.1111/SPOL.12666.
11. Lindberg, Malin & Hvenmark, Johan & Nahnfeldt, Cecilia. (2022). Social Innovation for Work Inclusion – Contributions of Swedish Third Sector Organizations. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. 12. 23-44. 10.18291/njwls.130175.
12. Lysaght, Rosemary & Cobigo, Virginie & Hamilton, Kate. (2012). Inclusion as a focus of employment-related research in intellectual disability from 2000 to 2010: A scoping review. Disability and rehabilitation. 34. 1339-50. 10.3109/09638288.2011.644023.
13. Meacham, Hannah & Cavanagh, Jillian & Shaw, Amie & Bartram, Timothy. (2017). Innovation programs at the workplace for workers with an intellectual disability: Two case studies in large Australian organisations. Personnel Review. 46. 1381-1396. 10.1108/PR-08-2016-0214.
14. Meacham, Hannah & Cavanagh, Jillian & Shaw, Amie & Bartram, Timothy. (2017). HRM practices that support the employment and social inclusion of workers with an intellectual disability. Personnel Review. 46. 00-00. 10.1108/PR-05-2016-0105. Tholén, Susanna & Hultkrantz, Lars & Persson, Mattias. (2017). Economic Evaluation of Supported-Employment Inspired Program for Pupils With Intellectual Disabilities. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. 7. 10.18291/njwls.v7i1.81401.
15. Mion, Giorgio & Baratta, Rossella & Bonfanti, Angelo & Baroni, Sara. (2022). Drivers of social innovation in disability services for inclusion: a focus on social farming in nonprofit organizations. The TQM Journal. 35. 10.1108/TQM-05-2022-0153.
16. Nweiser, Mishlin & Dajnoki, Krisztina. (2024). An overview insight into employment of disabilities at workplaces around the world: A review of the literature. Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici. 37-37. 10.5937/AnEkSub2300034N.
17. O'Brien, James & Dempsey, Ian. (2005). Comparative Analysis of Employment Services for People with Disabilities in Australia, Finland, and Sweden. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 1. 126 - 135. 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2004.04027.x.
18. Pereira, Júlia & Sousa, Carla & Matos, Andreia & Cobello, Stefano & Milli, Elena & Güner, Gülce & Yiğit, Emre & Cura, Gülben & Kızılkum, Şenay. (2024). Transnational Legal Frameworks and Context of Employment and Intellectual Disability. 10.24140/nobarriers.v1.p01.02.
19. Ravesangar, Kamalesh & halid, hafinas & Singh, Rubee. (2023). Social entrepreneurship for young people with disabilities: A conceptual analysis. 10.33093/ipbss.3.1.1.
20. Shaw, Jackie & Wickenden, Mary & Thompson, Stephen & Mader, Philip. (2022). Achieving disability inclusive employment – Are the current approaches deep enough?. Journal of International Development. 34. n/a-n/a. 10.1002/jid.3692.
21. Smith, Peter & Mcvilly, Keith & Mcgillivray, Jane & Chan, Jeffrey. (2018). Developing open employment outcomes for people with an intellectual disability utilising a Social Enterprise Framework. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 48. 59-77. 10.3233/JVR-170916.
22. Smith, Peter & Mcvilly, Keith & Mcgillivray, Jane & Chan, Jeffrey. (2018). Developing open employment outcomes for people with an intellectual disability utilising a Social Enterprise Framework. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 48. 59-77. 10.3233/JVR-170916.
23. Sousa, Carla & Pereira, Júlia & Casimiro, Cátia. (2024). No Barriers: Strategies and Best Practices for the Employment of Individuals with Intellectual Disability. 10.24140/nobarriers.v1.
24. Stainton, Tim & Hole, Rachelle & Tomlinson, Jamie. (2011). SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES: ARE SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES A GOOD INVESTMENT? A Review of the Literature. 10.13140/RG.2.2.12787.35364.
25. Thoresen, Stian & Thomson, Allyson & Jackson, Robert & Cocks, Errol. (2018). Meaningful social and economic inclusion through small business enterprise models of employment for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 49. 161-172. 10.3233/JVR-180962.
26. Torre, Lieske & Fenger, Menno. (2014). Policy Innovations for including disabled people in the labour market: A study of innovative practices of Dutch sheltered work companies. International Social Security Review. 67. 67-84. 10.1111/issr.12038.
27. Tøssebro, Jan & Olsen, Terje. (2020). Employment Opportunities for People with Intellectual Disabilities. 10.1007/978-3-030-35683-5_12.
28. Yalcin, Betul. (2018). A Comparative Analysis of the Active Labour Market Policies for Disabled People in the European Union Member States.
2. Beyer, Stephen & Jordán de Urríes, Francisco de Borja & Verdugo, Miguel. (2010). A Comparative Study of the Situation of Supported Employment in Europe. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 7. 130 - 136. 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2010.00255.x.
3. Caldwell, Kate & Harris, Sarah & Renko, Maija. (2016). Social Entrepreneurs with Disabilities: Exploring Motivational and Attitudinal Factors. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies. 5. 211. 10.15353/cjds.v5i1.255.
4. Chumo, Ivy & Kabaria, Caroline & Mberu, Blessing. (2023). Social inclusion of persons with disability in employment: what would it take to socially support employed persons with disability in the labor market?. Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences. 4. 10.3389/fresc.2023.1125129.
5. Fuhrmann, Frauke & Scholl, Margit & Bruggemann, Rainer. (2018). How Can the Empowerment of Employees with Intellectual Disabilities Be Supported?. Social Indicators Research. 136. 1-17. 10.1007/s11205-017-1666-5.
6. Griffiths, Andrew & Bechange, Stevens & Loryman, Hannah & Iga, Chris & Schmidt, Elena. (2020). How Do Legal and Policy Frameworks Support Employment of People With Disabilities in Uganda? Findings From a Qualitative Policy Analysis Study. Journal of International Development. 32. 10.1002/jid.3508.
7. Karabulut, Alpaslan & İnce, Mehmet & Yıldırım, Hasan. (2023). Employers Views on Problems Encountered by Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities at Workplace. Türk Akademik Yayınlar Dergisi. 7. 44-60. 10.29329/tayjournal.2023.537.03.
8. Keeratiphantawong, Sakulthip. (2014). The study of best practice for developing social enterprise for people with disabilities. International Journal of Disability Management. 9. 10.1017/idm.2014.31.
9. Kuznetsova, Yuliya & Yalcin, Betul. (2017). Inclusion of persons with disabilities in mainstream employment: is it really all about the money? A case study of four large companies in Norway and Sweden. Disability & Society. 32. 1-21. 10.1080/09687599.2017.1281794.
10. Li, Bingqin & Fisher, Karen & Quan Farrant, Frances & Cheng, Zhiming. (2021). Digital policy to disability employment? An ecosystem perspective on China and Australia. Social Policy & Administration. 55. 863-878. 10.1111/SPOL.12666.
11. Lindberg, Malin & Hvenmark, Johan & Nahnfeldt, Cecilia. (2022). Social Innovation for Work Inclusion – Contributions of Swedish Third Sector Organizations. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. 12. 23-44. 10.18291/njwls.130175.
12. Lysaght, Rosemary & Cobigo, Virginie & Hamilton, Kate. (2012). Inclusion as a focus of employment-related research in intellectual disability from 2000 to 2010: A scoping review. Disability and rehabilitation. 34. 1339-50. 10.3109/09638288.2011.644023.
13. Meacham, Hannah & Cavanagh, Jillian & Shaw, Amie & Bartram, Timothy. (2017). Innovation programs at the workplace for workers with an intellectual disability: Two case studies in large Australian organisations. Personnel Review. 46. 1381-1396. 10.1108/PR-08-2016-0214.
14. Meacham, Hannah & Cavanagh, Jillian & Shaw, Amie & Bartram, Timothy. (2017). HRM practices that support the employment and social inclusion of workers with an intellectual disability. Personnel Review. 46. 00-00. 10.1108/PR-05-2016-0105. Tholén, Susanna & Hultkrantz, Lars & Persson, Mattias. (2017). Economic Evaluation of Supported-Employment Inspired Program for Pupils With Intellectual Disabilities. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies. 7. 10.18291/njwls.v7i1.81401.
15. Mion, Giorgio & Baratta, Rossella & Bonfanti, Angelo & Baroni, Sara. (2022). Drivers of social innovation in disability services for inclusion: a focus on social farming in nonprofit organizations. The TQM Journal. 35. 10.1108/TQM-05-2022-0153.
16. Nweiser, Mishlin & Dajnoki, Krisztina. (2024). An overview insight into employment of disabilities at workplaces around the world: A review of the literature. Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici. 37-37. 10.5937/AnEkSub2300034N.
17. O'Brien, James & Dempsey, Ian. (2005). Comparative Analysis of Employment Services for People with Disabilities in Australia, Finland, and Sweden. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. 1. 126 - 135. 10.1111/j.1741-1130.2004.04027.x.
18. Pereira, Júlia & Sousa, Carla & Matos, Andreia & Cobello, Stefano & Milli, Elena & Güner, Gülce & Yiğit, Emre & Cura, Gülben & Kızılkum, Şenay. (2024). Transnational Legal Frameworks and Context of Employment and Intellectual Disability. 10.24140/nobarriers.v1.p01.02.
19. Ravesangar, Kamalesh & halid, hafinas & Singh, Rubee. (2023). Social entrepreneurship for young people with disabilities: A conceptual analysis. 10.33093/ipbss.3.1.1.
20. Shaw, Jackie & Wickenden, Mary & Thompson, Stephen & Mader, Philip. (2022). Achieving disability inclusive employment – Are the current approaches deep enough?. Journal of International Development. 34. n/a-n/a. 10.1002/jid.3692.
21. Smith, Peter & Mcvilly, Keith & Mcgillivray, Jane & Chan, Jeffrey. (2018). Developing open employment outcomes for people with an intellectual disability utilising a Social Enterprise Framework. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 48. 59-77. 10.3233/JVR-170916.
22. Smith, Peter & Mcvilly, Keith & Mcgillivray, Jane & Chan, Jeffrey. (2018). Developing open employment outcomes for people with an intellectual disability utilising a Social Enterprise Framework. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 48. 59-77. 10.3233/JVR-170916.
23. Sousa, Carla & Pereira, Júlia & Casimiro, Cátia. (2024). No Barriers: Strategies and Best Practices for the Employment of Individuals with Intellectual Disability. 10.24140/nobarriers.v1.
24. Stainton, Tim & Hole, Rachelle & Tomlinson, Jamie. (2011). SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES: ARE SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES A GOOD INVESTMENT? A Review of the Literature. 10.13140/RG.2.2.12787.35364.
25. Thoresen, Stian & Thomson, Allyson & Jackson, Robert & Cocks, Errol. (2018). Meaningful social and economic inclusion through small business enterprise models of employment for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation. 49. 161-172. 10.3233/JVR-180962.
26. Torre, Lieske & Fenger, Menno. (2014). Policy Innovations for including disabled people in the labour market: A study of innovative practices of Dutch sheltered work companies. International Social Security Review. 67. 67-84. 10.1111/issr.12038.
27. Tøssebro, Jan & Olsen, Terje. (2020). Employment Opportunities for People with Intellectual Disabilities. 10.1007/978-3-030-35683-5_12.
28. Yalcin, Betul. (2018). A Comparative Analysis of the Active Labour Market Policies for Disabled People in the European Union Member States.
منشور
2024-07-17
كيفية الاقتباس
Prof. Hanadi Hussain Alqahtani, & Prof. Sahar Ziedan Zaien. (2024). Empowering the Intellectually Disabled: (Innovations and Pathways to Employment Inclusion). Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (109), 351-393. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.109.2024.1221
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