Applying Gottlieb’s Global Normalization Between Arab Amateur and Professional Subtitling of American Films
(The Case of Thor: Love and Thunder)
الكلمات المفتاحية:
professional subtitlers, amateur subtitlers, global normalization strategies, cultural norms, offensive language, transfer
الملخص
This qualitative quantitative research offered a comparison between amateur subtitling and professional subtitling of American movies into Arabic. It was found that Arab amateur subtitlers do not follow Gottlieb's (2012) global normalization strategies of subtitling on the linguistic level but tend to comply more to the global norms on the technical layout level. The findings of the research are limited to a small corpus, consisting of 15 examples, in which a comparative analysis of the strategies employed in each of the two subtitled versions of the American movie, Thor: Love and Thunder (2022) was conducted; hence, the results cannot be generalized on all Arab amateur subtitlers. However, findings might be beneficial for future research in the field. Further research is also needed on reasons behind Arab amateur subtitlers’ avoidance to comply with the norms of global normalization compared to professional subtitlers.
المراجع
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18. Ibrahim, I & Al-Ghazalli, M. (2022). A Study of Audiovisual Fansubbing Translation of. مجلة مداد اآلداب, 493-516.
19. J Díaz-Cintas, J & Sanchez, P. (2006). Fansubs: Audioviual Translation in an Amatteur Environment. The Journal of Specialized Translaton, 37-52.
20. Khalaf, A. & Rashid, S. (2016). Attenuating obscenity of swearwords in the amateur subtitling of English movies into Arabic. Arab World English Journal, 295-308.
21. Künzli, A. &. Ehrensberger-Dow, M. (2011). Innovative subtitling: A reception study. . Methods and strategies of process research: Integrative approaches in translation studies, 187-200.
22. Dore, M. & Petrucci, A. (2021). Professional and amateur AVT. The Italian dubbing, subtitling and fansubbing of The Handmaid’s Tale. Perspectives, 876-897.
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25. Orrego-Carmon, D. (2019). A holistic approach to non-professional subtitling from a. Translation Studies, 1-17.
26. Orrego-carmona, D. & Lee, Y. (2017). Non-professional subtitlng. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
27. Perez-Gonzales, L. (2014). Audiovisual translation: Theories, methods and issues. London: England: Routledge.
28. Pérez-González, L. (2007). Intervention in new amateur subtitling cultures: A multimodal account. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series–Themes in Translation Studies, 6, 67-80.
29. Putri, F. & Wijaya, A. (2018). The Comparison of Strategies Used in Translating Idiomatic Expressions in a Fansub and the Official Subtitle of Game Night Movie. International Review of Humanities Studies.
30. Ramael, A. (2001). Subtitling. Target, 354-357.
31. Ruh, B. (2012). Adapting anime: transnational media between Japan and the United States. Indiana University.
32. Schules, D. (2012). Anime fansubs: translation and media engagement as ludic practice. (Doctoral dissertation).The University of Iowa.
33. Simo, M. & Rosaria, M. (2005). Fansubs y scanlations: la influencia di profesionales. Revista puentes, 27-44.
34. Wilcok, S. (2013). A comparative analysis of fansubbing and professional DVD subtitling. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
35. Yahiaoui, R. (2022). Fansubbing and the Prepetation of Western Popular Culture's Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Arabic. International Journal of Society, Culture, and Language , 1-11.
2. Ameri, Saeed. & Khoshsaligheh, Masood. (2019). Iranian Amateur Subtitling Apparatus: A Qualitative Investigation. Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción, 433-453.
3. Antonini, R., Cirillo, L., Rossato, L., & Torresi, I. (2017). Introducing NPIT studies. Non-professional interpreting and translation: State of the art and future of an emerging field of research, 2-26.
4. Ávila Cabrera, J. (2016). The treatment of offensive and taboo terms in the subtitling of Reservoir Dogs into Spanish. . TRANS. REVISTA DE TRADUCTOLOGÍA, 25-40.
5. Bogucki, L. (2009). Amateur Subtitling on the Internet. In G. D.-C. Anderman, Audiovisual Translation: Language Transfer on Screen (pp. 49-57). NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
6. Condry, I. (2010). Dark energy: What fansubs reveal about the copyright wars. Mechademia, 193-208.
7. Damayanti, S. & Hartono, R. (2021). Strategies and creativity used by fansubbers in subtitling Hot and Young Seoul Trip X NCT LIFE to overcome language barriers. Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies, 23-32.
8. Díaz-Cintas, J. & Anderman, G. (2009). Audioviual Translation: Language Transfer on Screen. NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
9. Díaz-Cintas, J. (2018). ‘Subtitling’s A Carnival’: New practices in cyberspace. Jostrans: The Journal of Specialized Translation, 127-149.
10. Dictionary, C. (2023). Collins. Retrieved from Collins: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pg-13
11. Dwyer, T. (2012a). Bad-Talk: Media piracy and “Guerrilla” translation. In B. M. Wilson, Words, Images and Performances in Translation (pp. 194–215). NY: Continuum.
12. Dwyer, T. (2017). Speaking in subtitles: Revaluing screen translation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
13. Dwyer, T. (2019). Audiovisual translation and fandom. In Pérez-González, The Routledge Handbook of Audiovisual Translation (pp. 436-452). London, England: Routledge.
14. Eldalees, H; Al-Adwan, A; Yahiaoui, R. (2017). Fansubbing in the Arab World: Modus Operandi and Prospects. AWEJ for translation & Literary Studies, 48-64.
15. Gach, N. (2021). Fansubbing practices in Ukraine: Promoting national culture worldwide. Linguistics and Culture Review, 480-498.
16. Gottlieb, H. (2012). Subtitles- Readable dialougue? Eye tracking in audiovisual translation, 37-82.
17. Hall, J. (2021). Professional vs Non-professional Translation of Korean TV Dramas. The New Zeland Journal of Translatin Studies.
18. Ibrahim, I & Al-Ghazalli, M. (2022). A Study of Audiovisual Fansubbing Translation of. مجلة مداد اآلداب, 493-516.
19. J Díaz-Cintas, J & Sanchez, P. (2006). Fansubs: Audioviual Translation in an Amatteur Environment. The Journal of Specialized Translaton, 37-52.
20. Khalaf, A. & Rashid, S. (2016). Attenuating obscenity of swearwords in the amateur subtitling of English movies into Arabic. Arab World English Journal, 295-308.
21. Künzli, A. &. Ehrensberger-Dow, M. (2011). Innovative subtitling: A reception study. . Methods and strategies of process research: Integrative approaches in translation studies, 187-200.
22. Dore, M. & Petrucci, A. (2021). Professional and amateur AVT. The Italian dubbing, subtitling and fansubbing of The Handmaid’s Tale. Perspectives, 876-897.
23. Netflix. (2023). Arabic Timed Text Style Guide. Retrieved from Netflix: https://partnerhelp.netflixstudios.com/hc/en-us/articles/215517947-Arabic-Timed-Text-Style-Guide
24. Nornes, A. (1999). For an Abusive Subtitling. In L. Venuti, The Translation Studies Reader (pp. 447-469). Routledge.
25. Orrego-Carmon, D. (2019). A holistic approach to non-professional subtitling from a. Translation Studies, 1-17.
26. Orrego-carmona, D. & Lee, Y. (2017). Non-professional subtitlng. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholar Publishing.
27. Perez-Gonzales, L. (2014). Audiovisual translation: Theories, methods and issues. London: England: Routledge.
28. Pérez-González, L. (2007). Intervention in new amateur subtitling cultures: A multimodal account. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series–Themes in Translation Studies, 6, 67-80.
29. Putri, F. & Wijaya, A. (2018). The Comparison of Strategies Used in Translating Idiomatic Expressions in a Fansub and the Official Subtitle of Game Night Movie. International Review of Humanities Studies.
30. Ramael, A. (2001). Subtitling. Target, 354-357.
31. Ruh, B. (2012). Adapting anime: transnational media between Japan and the United States. Indiana University.
32. Schules, D. (2012). Anime fansubs: translation and media engagement as ludic practice. (Doctoral dissertation).The University of Iowa.
33. Simo, M. & Rosaria, M. (2005). Fansubs y scanlations: la influencia di profesionales. Revista puentes, 27-44.
34. Wilcok, S. (2013). A comparative analysis of fansubbing and professional DVD subtitling. University of Johannesburg (South Africa).
35. Yahiaoui, R. (2022). Fansubbing and the Prepetation of Western Popular Culture's Gender and Racial Stereotypes in Arabic. International Journal of Society, Culture, and Language , 1-11.
منشور
2024-06-09
كيفية الاقتباس
Dana Suliman Ibrahim Al-Suhaim. (2024). Applying Gottlieb’s Global Normalization Between Arab Amateur and Professional Subtitling of American Films: (The Case of Thor: Love and Thunder). Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, (106), 338-357. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.106.2024.1130
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