Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences

Alienation in Modern Literature

Duaa Issa Ahmed Abbasi — 2025-03-22

The research revolves around the phenomenon of alienation in Arabic literature; given the importance of the phenomenon of alienation and defining the pain of the expatriate in the homeland or outside it, especially the Palestinian person who was displaced, exiled and emigrated from his homeland, and was unable to return and continues with his memories and daily suffering and the internal and external pressures, whether psychological, social, religious or political, in the hope of returning one day to his homeland. This study was concerned with describing the types of alienation in Arabic poetry in general, and in Mourid Barghouti's novel I Saw Ramallah in particular.

Education in the Era of the Generative AI Revolution and Its Future Prospects

Najla M Al-Amri — 2025-03-22

The study undertakes a comprehensive systematic review of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in education, focusing on the period from 2022 to 2024. It aims to analyze recent research trends, targeted educational levels, employed methodologies, and the educational community’s responses to these technologies. The findings highlight the immense potential of generative AI in improving educational quality through personalized content delivery, fostering creativity, and supporting assessment and individualized learning processes. The study also reveals the diverse applications of this technology, including curriculum design, creation of educational materials, and data analysis. However, critical challenges have emerged, such as bias, over-reliance, and disparities in access to this technology. The study emphasizes the need for intensified field and experimental research, particularly in primary and early childhood education, to address research gaps and provide a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of these technologies on educational outcomes. It recommends that educational institutions develop advanced policies and strategies for integrating generative AI into educational systems, focusing on sustainability, inclusivity, and the management of ethical and social risks. This study enhances academic understanding of the role of generative AI as a strategic catalyst for improving educational practices in the era of digital transformation.

The Impact of Vocational and Technical Pathways on Improving the Quality of Life of People with Disabilities from the Perspective of Parents of Students with Disabilities

Ahmad jamal alsheikh-deeb — 2025-03-22

The study dealt with a statement of the impact of vocational and technical paths for secondary school students, integration section at Ahmed bin Mohammed Al Thani Secondary School for Boys, in improving the quality of life through several axes, the most important of which are reducing anxiety and increasing verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction, where the researcher relied on the experimental approach with one group with a pre- and post-measurement, where he applied the quality of life scale (prepared by the researcher) to a group of tenth grade students, numbering 11 students. Then the researcher applied the program Vocational technical on students for 8 weeks, after which he applied the scale dimensionally and compared the students' results before and after applying the vocational program. The researcher used a number of statistical methods, and the results showed that parents of students with intellectual disabilities and enrolled in regular schools consider vocational and technical paths as the main reason for raising the quality of life for their children with disabilities, according to the three dimensions of the quality of life scale, represented by (quality of educational life /Healthy Quality of Life / quality of social life/ economic quality of life), The study recommended the need to generalize vocational and technical programs to students with disabilities in the preparatory and secondary stages and expand the training of students on vocational skills, which enable them to join the labor market in the post-secondary stage, and the study also recommended increasing opportunities to integrate students with disabilities with their ordinary peers by adding the vocational and technical program within the schedule of classes for ordinary students in the preparatory and secondary stage .

Effect of Using Emotion Regulation Strategies to Support Psychological Immunity and Overcome Post-Defeat Symptoms in Sports Competitions for Junior Football in The State of Palestine

Raed Issa Hassan Al-Khadour — 2025-03-22

The research aims to identify Effect Of Using Emotion Regulation Strategies To Support Psychological Immunity And Overcome Post-Defeat Symptoms In Sports Competitions For Junior Football In The State Of Palestine, The experimental approach was used with an experimental design for one experimental group by applying pre- and post-measurements, The research sample was chosen intentionally from the under-16 football youth of the Dora Youth Sports Club of the Alkhalil region in the State of Palestine, who were registered with the Palestinian Football Association for the 2023/2024 training season. The total size of the sample reached (20) youth, and homogeneity was performed. On the research sample in the basic measurements of growth, and also in the dimensions of the psychological immunity scale and the post-failure symptoms scale for young football players, The most important results indicated that the use of emotion regulation strategies (emotional balance, willpower, self-affirmation, personal responsibility, and mental alertness) contributed to strengthening psychological immunity and overcoming post-failure symptoms (symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of frustration, symptoms of self-esteem), There is also an inverse relationship between psychological immunity and post-failure symptoms. This means that the higher the level of psychological immunity, the less post-failure symptoms for young football players in the State of Palestine.

The Extent of Students’ Interaction with the use of Modern Technologies in the Field of Media in Palestine and its Impact on the Quality of Higher Education Throughout its Scope

Rawheya Naim Salem Awad — 2025-03-22

This study came to find out the extent of interaction in the use of modern media technologies in the education processes in Palestinian universities, as a result of the transformations and effects due to the repercussions that the State of Palestine is going through, one of the objectives of the study is to identify the impact of interaction to use modern media technologies (Moodle platform, Zoom platform, virtual classes, and Al-Quds Educational Channel, and to identify what are the technical needs that Palestinian students seek to satisfy from their use of technologies). Modern media, therefore, this study relied in its design on the descriptive survey method, and the use of a questionnaire applied to a random sample of (7845) male and female students using the quantitative method, and the statistical analysis program (SPSS) was used. One of the most important results is a direct correlation between the interaction of Palestinian students to use modern media technologies and the quality of university education, and a direct correlation between the technical needs that Palestinian students seek to satisfy when using modern media technologies and the quality of university education during crises.

Job Affiliation of Expatriate Female Teachers in Najran Education

Tharya Mohammed Nasser Al-Yami — 2025-03-22

The current study aimed to identify the degree of functional affiliation enjoyed by expatriate female teachers in Najran education, and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive-analytical approach through the application of a questionnaire of the descriptive-analytical approach, which was applied to a sample that was chosen in a simple random way from the study community, where the sample size was (107) expatriate female teachers in Najran middle school education, and the results concluded that the level of the first dimension, emotional affiliation, is available to a very large extent, and the level of paragraphs of the first dimension, administrative factors, is available in a medium degree, and there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the members of the study community due to the variable years’ Experience, There are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the members of the study community due to the variable years of exile, and the study recommended the necessity of increasing the belongingness of workers to work, through material and moral incentives, and following all methods to achieve this goal, enhancing the spirit of belonging and respect for expatriate female teachers, through management And the community, through awareness leaflets, providing Najran education for nurseries for mothers, and suggested the necessity of activating the role of the motivation method in achieving job affiliation among workers in secondary schools.

The Degree of Contribution of Administrative Units in achieving the Requirements of Programmatic Accreditation for Private Higher Education Institutions in Riyadh

Manal bint Ahmed Al-Maliki — 2025-03-22

This study aimed to identify the degree of contribution of administrative units in achieving the requirements of programmatic accreditation for private higher education institutions in Riyadh in each of (Quality Unit, Training and Development Unit, Review and Evaluation Unit, Archiving, Documentation and Information Unit). The study applied the descriptive survey method, and used the questionnaire as a tool to collect information from a random sample of deans, deputies and heads of departments in private universities and colleges in Riyadh, amounting to (63) individuals. The study reached the following results: The degree of contribution of administrative units in general in achieving the requirements of programmatic accreditation for private higher education institutions in Riyadh is high, as the arithmetic average reached (3.51 out of 5.00), and the quality unit came with an arithmetic average of (3.62 out of 5) in first place, followed by the review and evaluation unit with an arithmetic average of (3.53 out of 5.00), followed by the training and development unit With an arithmetic mean of (3.47 out of 5.00), and finally, the archiving and information documentation unit came in last place with an arithmetic mean of (3.39 out of 5.00). Based on these results, the study presented a number of recommendations to raise the level of performance of administrative units in private higher education institutions.

The Readiness of the Administration of Primary Public Schools In The City of Riyadh to Implement National Tests (NAFES) in Order to Achieve School Excellence

Afnan Hussien Algabal — 2025-03-22

The study aimed to examine the readiness of primary public schools’ administration in Riyadh city to implement National Tests (NAFS) in order to achieve school excellence. Specifically, it sought to assess the readiness in terms of (1) preparation and readiness, (2) school planning, and (3) teachers training, based on the viewpoint of teachers and school principals. The study depended on a descriptive survey methodology, and the study population comprised all primary public-school teachers (2377) and principals (448) in Riyadh, totaling (2825) teachers and principals. The researcher distributed the study tool (a questionnaire) to the entire population, obtaining (343) electronic responses. The study introduced a number of results, the most prominent of which are: the level of readiness of the primary public schools administration in Riyadh city in all areas of study (preparation and readiness, school planning, teachers training) to implement the National Tests (NAFS) in order to achieve school excellence came at an average level from teachers and principals viewpoint, as the arithmetic mean for the field of preparation and readiness was (3.23 out of 5.00), the field of school panning (3.17 out of 5.00) and teachers training (3.09 out of 5.00). In light of these findings, the study provided several recommendations, most notably the need to improve the school environment and ensure the availability of necessary material and technical resources compatible with the requirements of implementing national tests (NAFS).

The Relationship between the Type and Number of Academic and Professional Enrichment Programs and the Career Path of the Gifted Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Walid Khaled Al-Bousaif — 2025-03-22

This study aimed to investigate the impact of the type and number of enrichment programs on career path guidance for gifted students in Saudi Arabia by determining the extent of program quality influence on students' orientation toward specific professional fields in comparison to program frequency. The research employed a descriptive analytical methodology, using a questionnaire distributed to 396 participants to collect quantitative data. Chi-square tests were applied to examine relationships between key variables (program type, number of programs, and gender) and chosen career paths. The research revealed several significant findings, notably that enrichment program type has a clear significant effect; the chi-square value in analyzing the relationship between program type and career path was 281.467 at a significance level of 0.000, indicating that program quality and selection align with students' professional inclinations. Conversely, the number of programs showed no statistically significant effect on career path clarity (chi-square value 37.853, significance level 0.766), confirming that qualitative depth of programs supersedes their quantity. Results also revealed no significant gender differences in career path selection (chi-square value 8.405, significance level 0.589).Based on these findings, the research recommends designing targeted enrichment programs aligned with labor market requirements and future professional specializations while enhancing academic guidance mechanisms and long-term evaluation to ensure optimal career outcomes for students.

Governance of Volunteer Work for the Secondary Stage in Education Administrations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Samah Mohammad Al-Mousa — 2025-03-22

The current study aimed to identify the degree of applying Governance of Volunteer Work for the Secondary Stage in Education Administrations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the obstacles to its application. using the descriptive survey method through a questionnaire. which was applied to 5 voluntary work officials in the five general education administrations: Riyadh, Al-Jouf, Asir, Al-Ahsa, and Al-Madinah., and 38 voluntary work officials in their education offices, and a random sample of 320 secondary school principals. and the interview tool that was applied to 5 voluntary work officials in the five education administrations. Results revealed that The overall application of the study come to a moderate degree. The principles were ranked as follows from highest to lowest mean: (Transparency, Justice, Participation, Accountability, and Supervision). The lowest levels of application of the principle. In transparency were (publishing annual reports on the performance and results of student volunteer work. establishing a mechanism that allows measuring the satisfaction of beneficiaries of volunteer work). In Justice were (enabling volunteer work officials to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to supervise volunteers. and providing the necessary material resources to manage and improve volunteer work). In participation were (appreciating the contributions of volunteers and relevant parties . and involving active volunteers in meetings and workshops to participate in decision-making). In Supervision were (organizing training programs for volunteers according to training needs. and defining the procedures resulting from violations that may occur in volunteer work). The results revealed the obstacles to implementation, the most important of which were: the lack of a strategic plan for the governance of volunteer work in education departments, and the lack of indicators for measuring the processes of governance of volunteer work. The study reached a set of recommendations for applying the governance of student volunteer work in education administrations.

The Reasons for the Low Level of School Discipline from the point of view of Female Principals and Teachers in the Middle School in Riyadh

Dr. Najla Mohammed Bin Issa — 2025-03-23

The current research aimed to identify the reasons for the low level of school discipline from the point of view of principals and teachers in intermediate schools in Riyadh. The research used the descriptive analytical approach and a questionnaire was developed to collect data that was applied to a sample of (231) principals and teachers in government intermediate schools in Riyadh. The study findings: the reasons for the low level of school discipline related to female students and the family were high, while the reasons for the low level of school discipline related to the school were low. The study sample agreed on a set of strategies to enhance school discipline, arranged as follows: spreading the culture of school discipline among female students and school staff - activating school and psychological counseling to support female students. - Taking measures to reduce bullying and aggressive behavior according to regulations and circulars between students or teachers - The school's continuous communication with the family and involving parents in the educational process - Recording and following up on students' absences in the Noor program accurately - Following up and monitoring the school administration of the educational process within the school - Applying the attendance and punctuality rules in effect according to regulations and circulars to students and all school employees accurately - Monitoring the school administration's commitment to teachers' role within the classrooms.

The Effect of Vocational Rehabilitation Programs on increasing Self-Esteem and reducing School Absenteeism Rates among Students with Mild Mental Disabilities in Qatari Government Schools

Ahmed Jamal Alsheikh Theeb — 2025-03-23

The study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of professional programs in increasing self-esteem and reducing school absenteeism among mentally disabled students enrolled in regular secondary schools in the State of Qatar. The study population consisted of all mentally disabled students enrolled in integration schools in government secondary schools in the State of Qatar, numbering 5886 male and female students. The research sample consisted of 30 mentally disabled students enrolled in regular secondary schools, divided into two groups, one of which was an experimental group consisting of 15 students from grades 10, 11 and 12, and the other was a control group also consisting of 15 students from grades 10, 11 and 12. The researchers used the quasi-experimental approach applied to the experimental and control groups. After that, the Nigerian group only was subjected to the specialized professional program for an ideal period of 3 months. Then, the researchers applied the study tools to the experimental and control groups after completing the professional program to show its effect on the students by comparing the pre- and post-results. The experimental and control groups. The study uses several tools to answer the research questions addressed in the first chapter, which are the self-esteem scale, the attendance and absence record, and the specialized professional program prepared by the researchers. The researchers also used several statistical methods to analyze the sample data, including calculating arithmetic means and standard deviations, calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the coefficient Alpha calculations were performed using the Mann-Wine test for independent samples and the shuttle test for related samples. The study concluded that specialized vocational programs increase self-esteem and reduce the rate of unexcused absence from school among mentally disabled students enrolled in regular schools in the State of Qatar.

Organizational Values and their Relationship to the Creative Behavior of Employees

Asst. Prof. Yamama Mazhar Azawi Al-Salami — 2025-03-23

The current research addressed two important variables, which are organizational values and creative behavior of employees. The research aimed to identify the dimensions of organizational values (management management, task management, human relations management, environmental management) and their level on the research sample, then measure the relationship between them and the creative behavior of employees in the Babylon Investment Commission in the Republic of Iraq. The questionnaire was used, the first part of which included personal and functional information describing the sample, and the second part included (32) phrases describing the study variables (organizational values and creative behavior of workers). The questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of (55(,The responses were subjected to statistical analysis. The research results showed that the respondents’ perceptions of organizational values and creative behavior were high. Thus, the null hypothesis was rejected, which states that there is no statistically significant relationship between organizational values and the dependent variable at a significance level of 0.05. Then the regression equation concluded that the dimensions of the four organizational values, namely (administration management explained 60% of the variance in the dependent variable, then human relations management explained 61%, task management 72%, and environmental management 78%). The study recommended that administrative organizations pay attention to organizational values by training administrative leaders on how to deal with these values positively, as they are the basis for achieving their goals, and writing and discussing these values so that employees can understand them and adopt them during their work, in addition to giving employees confidence to present their ideas and creative energies and discussing these ideas and benefiting from them for the benefit of the organization.

The Impact of Ease of Use and User Satisfaction on E-Government Applications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Manal Mohammed Nasser — 2025-03-23

This research paper aims to examine the use of e-government applications in Saudi Arabia by assessing user satisfaction and ease of use of the “Nusuk” application during the 2024 Hajj season for Uzbek pilgrims. The study evaluates the application’s ease of use through aspects such as (registration, technical support, and appointment booking) and measures user satisfaction based on (services, capabilities, time, and quality). Additionally, the study seeks to determine the level of services provided by the application and analyze statistically significant differences in responses based on (gender, educational qualification, age, experience, and skills). The study adopts an inductive approach, collecting data from a sample of 121 Uzbek pilgrims out of 15,000 during the 2024 Hajj season. The researcher employed surveys and interviews as the primary data collection tools. The findings reveal that 91% of the pilgrims do not use the “Nusuk” application, and most of those who benefited from the app’s services did so through organizers managing the pilgrimage arrangements. The study recommends that leadership continue developing and updating e-government programs to ensure efficiency, speed, and accuracy in service delivery. It is also essential to establish effective training systems and attract highly skilled professionals to enhance service quality. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of involving employees in shaping future plans for e-government services by considering their insights and suggestions for problem-solving. Furthermore, the study suggests improving the application’s flexibility to accommodate environmental changes and expanding its services by incorporating technologies and features tailored to the needs of Uzbek pilgrims. Additionally, the study highlights the necessity of adding new features, such as support for additional languages, including Russian, to facilitate access to “Nusuk” services for a larger number of Uzbek pilgrims who share cultural and geographical similarities.

Sports Professionalism in Football Clubs in Palestine

Naser El-Din Mahmoud Amer Abbasi — 2025-03-23

The study aimed to identify the obstacles of sports professionalism in football clubs in Palestine from the view point of the administrations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach by applying the electronic questionnaire to a random sample of 100 managers from Palestinian football clubs. The results of the study revealed that the obstacles of sports professionalism in football clubs in Palestine stem from three main axes, which are the administrative policies, the administrative legislation, and administrative human resources where these all obstacles came with high degrees. The results also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in the three obstacles to sports professionalism (administrative policies, administrative legislation, and administrative human resources) in football clubs in Palestine attributed to the variables of academic qualification and years of experience. The study recommended the need for linking modern technology in administrative processes to increase efficiency and integrate departments.

Creative Integration to Achieve Sustainability in Saudi Museums

Dr. Effat Abdullah Fadag — 2025-03-23

Although sustainability is an ancient concept that appeared at the end of the 18th century, it remains one of the pivotal issues emphasized by global visions 2030. In contrast, the concept of creative integration has emerged as one of the most prominent concepts of the 21^st century revolution, highlighting the importance of merging ideas, interdisciplinary collaboration, and technological advancements to support creativity in problem-solving to achieve substantial outcomes across various fields.

Between sustainability and creative integration, museums worldwide stand as one of the greatest testaments to the practical role of both concepts. The artifacts, antiquities, and artworks housed within museums have become explicit evidence of a sustainable heritage preserved for present and future generations. Through its Vision 2030, KSA focused on humanity, environment, and all related aspects to achieve the three pillars of the Saudi Vision: a vibrant society, a thriving economy, and an ambitious nation. From this viewpoint, Saudi Arabia has turned its attention to museums due to their artistic, social, historical, and sustainable cultural dimensions. Museums reflect the three sectors of sustainable development: environmental, social, and economic. Therefore, this research seeks to explore the significant strategies of creative integration that contribute to achieving Saudi museum sustainability. The aim is to contribute to finding innovative ways to achieve museum sustainability through creative integration tools. The research question is: Does creative integration achieve sustainability for Saudi museums in line with Vision 2030? The study recommends increasing awareness among various stakeholders about the necessity of supporting innovation in the tools and strategies of creative integration to ensure the sustainability of Saudi museums.

Effectiveness of a Training Program in Designing Men's Fashion to Develop the Innovative Thinking Skills of Female Graduates Using Interactive Video Platforms

Ahlam Abdullah Fahad Alrabiah — 2025-03-23

The research aims to study creativity standards in men's outerwear, determine the scientific foundations for building interactive video platforms for a training program in men's fashion design, and develop a training program to enhance graduates' creative thinking skills using interactive video platforms. The study also measures the validity and effectiveness of the training program in fostering creative thinking skills among graduates and evaluates their acceptance of the program Methodology The study adopted the descriptive-analytical and quasi-experimental methodologies. The research applied the ADDIE model for designing and implementing the training program due to its suitability for the study’s objectives. Additionally, the 'Cort' program and the 'brainstorming' technique were selected to develop graduates’ creative thinking skills. Research Sample The research sample consisted of 86 participants, divided as follows:(Exploratory sample)10 graduates with a bachelor's degree in fashion design from the College of Arts and Design, Qassim University, (Main sample) 76 participants (61 graduates and 15 experts in fashion design) to assess the validity of the training program in enhancing creative thinking skills using interactive video platforms. Research Tools The research tools included, An evaluation form for assessing the validity of the training program, Pre- and post-achievement tests to measure the knowledge gained from the program, Pre- and post-skill tests to assess the skills developed through the program, The (Torrance Test for Creative Thinking) (verbal and figural) in pre- and post-formats, A rating scale (pre- and post-) for experts to evaluate the program’s effectiveness, A questionnaire measuring graduates' acceptance of the training program.

Employing Urban Heritage Ornaments to Establish the Clothing Identity of Male Tourist Guides to support cultural sustainability in Saudi Arabia

Mashael Mohammed Saleh Al-Nemari — 2025-03-23

The study aims to employing urban heritage Ornaments of some regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in designing logos and fashions for the tourist guide sector (men) and to achieve the aesthetic and functional aspect and suit the work environment and achieve tourist attraction and support cultural sustainability and Vision 2030. In addition, analyzing the opinions of the research sample (specialists/tour guides) to identify the extent of the success of the designs. The importance of this research is evident in shedding light on urban heritage Ornaments and benefiting from them in designs that represent the identity of the Saudi tourist guide, which contributes to supporting the cultural sustainability of the heritage of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and enriching the field of fashion design. The study concluded that the Saudi heritage is a fertile field and a rich environment for what it contains of decorative elements that inspire designers. The designs also contributed to Establish the Clothing Identity of Male Tourist Guides and achieved the aesthetic and functional aspect, and reflected the goals of Vision 2030 in serving the tourism and heritage sector in Saudi Arabia. The recommendations included paying attention to urban heritage and designing the visual identity (logos) and Clothing of the tourist guide sector. So that they can perform their work effectively and comfortably.

Fredholm and Volterra Integral Equations

Dr. Raga Hassan Ali Shiekh — 2025-03-23

We will focus on Fredholm and Volterra integral equations. We have examined the development of integral equations that has significant applicability in physical problems. A multitude of initial and boundary value issues can be converted into integral equations. Mathematical physics problems are typically regulated by integral equations. There are several categories of integral equations. Singular integral equations are highly beneficial in numerous physical issues, including elasticity, fluid mechanics, and electromagnetic theory.

Employing Artificial Intelligence Applications to Evaluate Faculty Development Programs by Kirkpatrick's Model

Dr. Mohammed Awad Alasmrai — 2025-03-23

Objectives: This study aims to explore the level employing artificial intelligence (AI) applications to evaluate faculty's reaction, learning process, behavior change process and the impact of the faculty development programs at University of Tabuk by Kirkpatrick's Model.

Methodology: The researcher used the descriptive method and developed a questionnaire which was distributed to a study sample of (492) faculty members working at University of Tabuk in Saudi Arabia in 2024.

Results: The results showed that the effectiveness of faculty development programs based on Kirkpatrick's Model, with varying outcomes across its evaluation levels. The Impact of the Training Program on the Organization ranks highest (Mean = 2.4501, SD = 0.59333) with a "High Possibility" rating, suggesting strong perceived organizational benefits. Reactions (Mean = 2.3963, SD = 0.59170) and Learning Process (Mean = 2.3670, SD = 0.62103) also fall into the "High Possibility" category, reflecting positive participant feedback and effective knowledge acquisition. However, Behavior Change (Mean = 2.2894, SD = 0.66252) is rated as "Medium Possibility," indicating challenges in translating learning into sustained workplace behavior.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that AI provides a powerful tool for overcoming the limitations of traditional evaluation methods, offering more precise, detailed, and dynamic insights into the effectiveness of professional development initiatives. By addressing the challenges associated with data quality, algorithmic bias, and ethical considerations, University of Tabuk can harness the full potential of AI to enhance their faculty development programs, ultimately contributing to the broader objectives of educational excellence and national development outlined in Vision 2030.

Obstacles to Secondary School Mathematics Teachers' Teaching of Higher-Order Thinking Skills from Their Perspectives

Mamdouh bin Saad Al-Zahrani — 2025-03-24

The present study aimed to identify the challenges faced by high school mathematics teachers in teaching higher-order thinking skills issues in the aspects of planning, implementation, and evaluation from their perspective. The study population consisted of high school mathematics teachers in schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with a sample of 115 participants. To achieve the study objectives, a descriptive methodology was employed. The study found that the challenges faced by mathematics teachers when teaching higher-order thinking skills issues were significant across implementation, evaluation, and planning. The most prominent challenges in the implementation aspect included students' weak proficiency in advanced mathematical skills and their low motivation to engage with higher-order thinking issues. In the evaluation aspect, the major obstacles were students' poor performance in solving such issues and the dominance of a test system based on memorization. Regarding planning, key challenges included the lack of training courses on planning for teaching higher-order thinking issues and teachers’ limited exposure to teacher guides on this topic. The study presented several recommendations, the most important of which were: enhancing the practical application of mathematics through diverse activities by linking mathematics to real-life issues, designing and implementing educational programs focused on developing mathematical thinking for high school students while utilizing different learning theories, and organizing training courses for teachers to equip them with the necessary teaching competencies to foster higher-order thinking skills in mathematics.