Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences

Practices Obstacles of School Principals of General Education Schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to Achieve the Dimensions of a Sustainable School

2025-10-17T14:56:09+00:00

The study aimed to know the practices obstacles of school principals of general education schools in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia to achieve the dimensions of a sustainable school, which are: "the economic dimension, the social dimension, and the environmental dimension", using the descriptive survey approach, through the interview tool that was applied to a purposive sample consisting of (25) male and female school administration supervisors in the cities of: Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam. The study concluded that the highest recurrence rates of the practices obstacles of school principals of general education schools in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to achieve the dimensions of sustainable school came for the economic dimension in the first place, followed by the social dimension, and finally the environmental dimension.

Unconventional Neighborhood Damages

2025-10-17T14:56:08+00:00

The research examined the culpability for atypical neighborhood damages via the lens of the theory of misuse of rights. This research aims to reconcile the owner's entitlement to utilize their land as they see fit with the neighbor's right to enjoy their property free from unwarranted damage. This research initially delineates the legal basis of a neighbor's duty for damages and investigates the origins of this liability, while elucidating the notion of atypical neighborhood damages as harms that surpass the typical limits of property usage and inflict genuine pain on the neighbor. The research delineates the criteria for proving culpability, including excessive usage, the presence of atypical injury, and the causal relationship between the excessive action and the resultant damage.

The study investigates the legal foundation for this liability, highlighting that contemporary civil laws typically depend on the principle of abuse of rights, while Islamic law articulates it through overarching maxims such as “no harm and no reciprocating harm” (lā ḍarar wa-lā ḍirār) and “harm must be removed.” The study examines legal remedies for atypical neighborhood harms, including recompense, remediation of the harm, or stoppage of the detrimental act, in the context of comparative legislation and Islamic jurisprudence. Furthermore, it delineates the protocols for initiating a civil responsibility suit, including the parties involved (plaintiff and defendant), the appropriate court, and the methods for substantiating and disputing the damages.

The research reveals that the legal foundation for atypical neighborhood damages has sparked significant discussion among jurists and legal practitioners, leading some to embrace a certain perspective only to subsequently renounce it owing to inconsistencies with their originally accepted norms.

The Effect of Augmented Reality-Based Learning According to the Motivational Design Model on Enhancing Student Engagement

2025-10-17T14:56:07+00:00

This study aimed to explore the impact of motivational augmented reality (AR) learning on enhancing student engagement, using a design-based research approach. The study employed an experimental three-group design, including: a group that studied using AR based on the motivational design model, a group that studied using AR only, and a control group that studied through traditional methods. The study was conducted with a sample of 90 second-year secondary students at Umm Al-Qura Secondary School in Jeddah during the third semester of the academic year 1446 AH, focusing on the unit “Complex Inheritance and Human Genetics” from the Biology (3–2) curriculum.The study utilized a student engagement scale alongside semi-structured interviews. The results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the group that studied using motivational AR. The activities contributed to enhancing behavioral engagement through interaction and focus, emotional engagement through enthusiasm and enjoyment, and cognitive engagement through improved understanding.The study recommends integrating motivational AR activities based on the design model into curricula, training teachers to employ digital motivational tools, and conducting future studies across different educational levels and knowledge domains to further explore the potential of this approach in improving student engagement.

The Impact of the Integrated Model of Sustainability Training on Soft Skills to Develop Psychological Empowerment among Newly Appointed Employees in the Medina Region

2025-10-17T14:56:07+00:00

The current study aimed to verify the impact of the integrated model of sustainability training on soft skills to empower trainees psychologically in the Medina region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also aimed to determine the long-term sustainability of the impact and to determine whether there were differences between males and females based on gender in psychological empowerment. To achieve the study objectives, a scale of psychological empowerment among employees was developed, consisting of (36) items. Its psychometric properties were verified for validity and reliability. Newly appointed employees were selected before undergoing the integrated model of sustainability training on soft skills. They then underwent soft skills courses totaling (20) hours or more. The number of these employees who were followed up before and after the training was (40) male and female employees, including (18) male employees and (22) female employees. The results indicated the effectiveness of the integrated model of sustainability training on soft skills between the pre- and post-tests in psychological empowerment, in favor of the post-test. Differences in psychological empowerment among employees between the post-test and follow-up measurements indicate that employees retained their soft skills. The results also indicated no differences between males and females in the integrated model of training sustainability in soft skills for developing psychological empowerment. The study concluded with several recommendations, including continuing to diversify and provide soft skills to newly appointed employees, which will reflect positively on their psychological well-being, specifically improving their psychological empowerment.

The Contribution of Organizational Justice to Enhancing Career Excellence in Emerging Saudi Universities

2025-10-17T14:56:06+00:00

This study aimed to explore the extent to which organizational justice practices contribute to enhancing career excellence in emerging universities. As a descriptive study, data were collected via a questionnaire comprising two main sections: the first measured the level of organizational justice practice through three dimensions (distributive, procedural, and interactional), while the second measured the level of career excellence through four dimensions (performance/achievement, initiative and innovation, competence, and continuous learning). The study was applied to a stratified random sample of (347) faculty members at the University of Jeddah and the University of Hail.The results revealed that the overall practice level of organizational justice and its three dimensions was moderate, whereas the level of career excellence and its four dimensions was high. Furthermore, the results indicated that organizational justice, through its procedural and interactional dimensions, contributes to enhancing career excellence by up to (25%). The findings also showed statistically significant differences in the level of organizational justice practice attributable to the university variable, in favor of the University of Hail, while no significant differences were found based on college specialization. Regarding differences in career excellence levels, they were in favor of the University of Hail, and significant differences were also found based on specialization, favoring faculty members in scientific disciplines. The study recommended enhancing transparency and faculty participation in decision-making, reforming promotion and grievance systems, and developing the capacities of academic leadership to strengthen organizational justice.

Building a Digital System to Document the Production of women's Traditional Costumes to support Entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2025-10-17T14:56:06+00:00

The dissertation aimed to study the artistic characteristics of traditional women’s costumes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to examine the scientific foundations for building a digital system to document the production of traditional women’s costumes in support of entrepreneurship in the Saudi fashion sector, and to construct a digital system for documenting the production of traditional women’s costumes to support entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In order to achieve the research objectives, the descriptive-analytical method was employed along with an applied study, as it was considered appropriate to meet the aims of the research. The research sample consisted of (11) faculty members specialized in clothing and textiles, and (13) entrepreneurs in the fashion sector. The research tools included measuring the percentage of agreement among specialists on the validity of the digital system for documenting the production of traditional women’s costumes to support entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as well as assessing the percentage of agreement among entrepreneurs regarding the ease of use of the digital system for documenting the production of traditional women’s costumes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The Effectiveness of Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications in Creative Thinking and Design

2025-10-17T14:56:05+00:00

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of generative artificial intelligence applications in creative thinking and design for future tourism projects, in accordance with the directives of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. The study sample consisted of (15) third-grade female students in the secondary school track system at Safia Bint Abdul Muttalib Secondary School in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study followed a descriptive and phenomenological approach, employing interview tools (focus groups) and samples of student projects to achieve the study objectives. The study results demonstrated the effectiveness of generative AI applications in enhancing, improving, and developing students' ideas and generating creative ideas for future tourism projects, in line with the directions of Saudi Vision 2030. The study results also demonstrated the effectiveness of generative AI applications in embodying creative ideas through illustrative designs of the internal and external environments of future tourism projects, in line with the directions of Saudi Vision 2030. The study recommended the importance of keeping pace with technological developments and training students to use generative AI applications in learning, creativity, and innovation, in accordance with policies and ethics. The study proposed implementing future studies in the field of generative AI for samples at different levels, and conducting studies on the use of generative AI applications and their relationship to learning skills.

The Effect of Using CLO3D Software on Developing the Fashion Design Skills of Undergraduate Students at the University of Jeddah

2025-10-17T14:56:05+00:00

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using the CLO3D program in developing fashion design skills among undergraduate students at the University of Jeddah. The researcher employed a quasi-experimental method, conducting the experiment on a sample of (24) students during the academic year 2025 / 1446 within the course "Electronic Design," using a one-group design.

To implement the experiment, a digital instructional book was prepared, where students relied on self-directed learning, while the researcher’s role was limited to guidance and supervision through observation checklists. Pre- and post-tests were applied to the same group to measure the changes in both cognitive and practical skills.

The results showed statistically significant differences at the level (p ≤ 0.05) between the pre-test and post-test mean scores in favor of the post-test, both in the achievement test and in the observation checklist of practical skills. Moreover, the effect size measures (Cohen’s d) and Eta-squared indicated a very strong impact of the program on developing students’ cognitive and practical skills.

These findings highlight that the use of CLO3D resulted in a significant improvement in students’ performance, confirming the effectiveness of integrating modern digital technologies into educational curricula. Furthermore, the program contributed to enhancing students’ professional competence and increasing their readiness for the labor market in the field of fashion design.

The Adequacy of Legal Rules in Establishing Preventive Protection against the Violation of the Human right in his Private Life

2025-10-17T14:56:04+00:00

With the development of the theory of truth and the increase in human awareness of the importance of his personal rights and his need to preserve his privacy in what he wants to keep for himself or other people with his approval of facts and information away from the intervention of others, it has become necessary to enter jurisprudence and the judiciary to protect this right. Modern societies are concerned with protecting the rights of individuals from encroachments, through enacting laws that confirm these rights and punishing them, in a very higher achievement that the law aims to achieve a balance between the rights of individuals and the public interest and ensure stability and security in society. This research addresses the effectiveness of the legal rules in Jordanian legislation in establishing preventive protection against violating the human right in his private life, in comparison with the French, Egyptian and Syrian laws that the opportunity arose according to the importance of the subject of comparison.

The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) in Geographic Information Systems

2025-10-17T14:56:03+00:00

The study analyzes the impact of the spatial scale effect as a main dimension of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) using 2022 population data of Jazan City, assessing how changing grid size affects spatial analysis and emphasizing the need to consider scale in aggregated data. Following a spatial analytical methodology, the work began with building three spatial grids (200 m, 400 m, 800 m) based on the 100 m grid, then population density was calculated in the four areal units, then scale-effect analyses were carried out through descriptive statistics and Global and Local Moran’s I to produce charts and maps. Results show that mean population density decreases gradually as grid size increases and that deviation from normal distribution declines in the 800 m grid, making the distribution appear relatively symmetrical. Maps reveal that larger spatial units change the density pattern: smaller grids give a more precise and detailed view of spatial variation, while larger grids yield a more generalized and homogeneous pattern and lose fine-scale detail. Global Moran’s I values vary with scale: the 100 m grid shows strong local spatial clustering, and the 800 m grid also shows clustering but likely from broader, less detailed groupings. Local Moran’s I scatterplots indicate that spatial autocorrelation between population density and neighboring values is affected by unit size. Local Moran’s I maps display a gradual pattern of the scale effect within MAUP. With the fine 100 m grid, the maps capture numerous high- and low-density clusters and detailed local transitions, whereas at 800 m clusters are minimal and local details almost absent, reflecting increased generalization and loss of fine-scale relationships. The findings confirm the significant influence of spatial scale on MAUP analysis and recommend multi-scale analysis and explicit consideration of MAUP effects in spatial studies.

The Role of Auditing in Reducing Tax Evasion in Palestine

2025-10-17T14:56:02+00:00

This study aims to examine the role of auditing in reducing tax evasion in Palestine, considering that taxation represents the main source of public revenue and a vital tool for achieving social justice and economic development. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, where a structured questionnaire was distributed to a sample of auditors and accountants in Palestine. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical methods, including means, standard deviations, and Cronbach’s Alpha for reliability.

The findings revealed a significant role of auditing in minimizing tax evasion, as it contributes to detecting financial loopholes and illegal practices, while enhancing taxpayers’ compliance with their tax obligations. Results also indicated that weak tax legislation, low tax awareness, and prevailing economic and political conditions are among the main factors that encourage tax evasion.

The study concludes that auditing is a strategic tool for promoting tax transparency and increasing public revenues. Based on the results, the study recommends the development of tax legislation, the enhancement of auditors’ competencies, the adoption of modern technologies in auditing, and the intensification of tax awareness campaigns.

Approaches to Activating the Design Thinking Strategy among Public Secondary School Principals in Riyadh to Achieve Administrative Performance Quality

2025-10-17T14:56:02+00:00

The study aimed to identify the degree of use of design thinking strategy by secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve quality administrative performance. To reveal the difficulties of using design thinking strategy by secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve quality administrative performance. To identify ways to activate the use of design thinking strategy by principals of government secondary schools in Riyadh to achieve quality administrative performance. The study used the descriptive survey method, and the study was applied to school administration supervisors and principals of government secondary schools in Riyadh, with a total of (192) supervisors and principals. The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are: the degree of use of the design thinking strategy by secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve quality administrative performance was generally average, as their average approval was (2.13 out of 3.00), and the difficulties of secondary school principals in Riyadh using the design thinking strategy to achieve quality administrative performance from their point of view were generally high, as their average approval was (2.45 out of 3.00), and the proposals to activate the use of the design thinking strategy by government secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve quality administrative performance were generally highly important, as their average approval was (2.44 out of 3.00). In light of these results, the study presented a number of recommendations, including: raising awareness among school principals of the need to confront administrative challenges in a creative way that relies on the steps of design thinking, which contributes to overcoming these challenges.

The Training Needs of Secondary School Principals in Riyadh City to Achieve School Evaluation Standards in the Light of School Empowerment

2025-10-17T14:56:01+00:00

This study aimed to identify the training needs of secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve school evaluation standards in light of school empowerment in the field of (school administration, teaching and learning, learning outcomes, school environment). The study used the descriptive survey method, and the study community consisted of all government secondary school principals in Riyadh, numbering (149) principals, to whom the questionnaire was applied. The study reached a number of results, the most prominent of which are: that the training needs in the field of school administration for secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve school evaluation standards in light of school empowerment came in at a high degree with an arithmetic mean of (2.37 out of 3.00), that the training needs in the field of education and learning for secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve school evaluation standards in light of school empowerment came in at a high degree with an arithmetic mean of (2.39 out of 3.00), that the training needs in the field of learning outcomes for secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve school evaluation standards in light of school empowerment came in at a high degree with an arithmetic mean of (2.39 out of 3.00), and that the training needs in the field of the school environment for secondary school principals in Riyadh to achieve school evaluation standards in light of school empowerment came in at a high degree with an arithmetic mean of (2.38 out of 3.00). In light of these results, the study presented a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which are: the necessity of providing specialized training programs in building and formulating the school vision and mission in accordance with school excellence standards by identifying the necessary training needs for them in these programs.

Professional Competencies of Primary School Principals and Their Impact on Teachers' Achievement Motivation

2025-10-17T14:56:01+00:00

This study aimed to investigate the level of professional competencies among principals of primary schools and their impact on teachers' achievement motivation. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and was applied to a random sample of (320) male and female teachers during the academic year 2023/2024, using two questionnaires to measure professional competencies and achievement motivation after verifying their validity and reliability. The findings revealed a high level of professional competencies (71.01%) and achievement motivation (74.11%), as well as a statistically significant effect of principals' professional competencies on teachers' achievement motivation. No significant differences were found based on gender or years of service, while differences were observed in favor of teachers with postgraduate degrees regarding achievement motivation.

The study concluded with the importance of developing principals' professional competencies to enhance teachers' achievement motivation and recommended continuous training programs and a supportive work environment to achieve this goal.

The Difference Between Efficiency and Effectiveness and Their Relationship to Improving Institutional Performance

2025-10-17T14:56:00+00:00

This study aimed to examine the difference between "efficiency" and "effectiveness", and to explore their relationship with institutional performance, particularly in the case of Palestinian Civil Defense Department in the West Bank. The study population consists of all employees and staff members of the Palestinian Civil Defense Department in the West Bank governorates, totaling (1,562) individuals distributed across (11) governorates. The researcher employed the descriptive correlational method to conduct the study, and a questionnaire served as the primary tool for data collection and was distributed to a random sample of (310) employees of the Palestinian Civil Defense Department, they constitute (19.8%) of the study population. The findings demonstrated a high level of “efficiency”, “effectiveness,” and “performance” with overall averages reached %77.59)), %77)), and (77.14%) respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated the presence of a statistically significant relationship between efficiency and effectiveness and the institutional performance of the Palestinian Civil Defense Department. The correlation coefficient (R) for combined efficiency and effectiveness with institutional performance reached (84.3%), which is considered a high value, this suggests that both efficiency and effectiveness contribute significantly to the improvement of institutional performance.

The results also showed that efficiency and effectiveness explain )71% (of the variance in performance within the organization, which is considered a high explanatory value. In addition, the study revealed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses’ averages of the study sample regarding efficiency and effectiveness and their relationship to improving institutional performance within the Palestinian Civil Defense Department, attributable to the governorate variable.

The Predictive Role of Social Media Addiction in Cognitive Distortions

2025-10-17T14:55:59+00:00

The present study aimed to examine the level of social media addiction and cognitive distortions among university students, while also exploring potential gender differences (male/female). In addition, the study investigated the relationship between the two variables and assessed the predictive power of social media addiction in explaining cognitive distortions. Two standardized scales were administered to a sample of 161 male and female university students. The findings revealed that the level of social media addiction among the participants fell within the moderate range, suggesting frequent use tied to daily life demands, yet not reaching high levels of dependence or addictive behavior. In contrast, cognitive distortions were found to be relatively high, indicating the prevalence of maladaptive thinking patterns such as catastrophizing, overgeneralization, and selective abstraction among students. Statistical analyses further showed no significant gender differences in either social media addiction or cognitive distortions, suggesting that gender was not a determining factor in these variables. Moreover, the results confirmed a strong and statistically significant correlation between social media addiction and cognitive distortions, and demonstrated that social media addiction had a clear predictive capacity in explaining higher levels of such distortions. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the cognitive dimension linked to excessive use of social media, as this behavior can foster unhealthy thinking patterns among university students. Consequently, the study underscores the need for preventive and counseling programs that raise awareness of the psychological and cognitive risks of excessive use and provide .

Protection of Whistleblowers, Witnesses, Experts, and Informants in Corruption Cases

2025-10-17T14:55:58+00:00

This research investigates the protection topic for witnesses, whistleblowers, informants, and experts involved in corruption cases. These individuals are critical to the criminal justice system and serve as vital safeguards for anti-corruption initiatives, particularly in light of the potential threats to their safety or interests that may arise from fulfilling their legal or professional responsibilities. This study examines the legal framework for protection under Palestinian legislation, juxtaposing it with Arab experiences in Tunisia, Jordan, and Morocco, alongside selected international models and the stipulations of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.

The first chapter examines the notion of protection and its significance in promoting the reporting of corruption and enhancing the efficacy of testimonies and expert opinions. This analysis explores the procedures for submitting protection requests to relevant authorities, the criteria for their acceptance, and the reassessment process based on the level of risk involved. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of national institutions in implementing effective protective measures, including confidentiality, relocation, and the provision of psychological and material support.

The second chapter discusses protective measures implemented at both regional and international levels. This text delineates the obligations set forth by Arab anti-corruption conventions for states to ensure protection, examines effective legislative frameworks such as the Tunisian system that established a specialized authority, and analyzes the legislations of Jordan and Morocco, which offer graduated guarantees. This analysis includes international cases that have implemented comprehensive protection systems integrating legal and humanitarian aspects.

The study concludes that the Palestinian legal system has implemented measures for the protection of whistleblowers, witnesses, experts, informants, their relatives, and individuals closely associated with them, in accordance with the provisions of the Palestinian Anti-Corruption Law No. 1 of 2005 and its amendments.

Propaganda Techniques

2025-10-27T14:35:38+00:00

This study aims to introduce the concept of propaganda and its techniques according to the American Institute for Propaganda Analysis (IPA), especially given the widespread confusion surrounding the concept among both the general public and researchers. A clear indication of this is the fact that large segments of the population often find themselves subjected to misinformation without realizing it. Undoubtedly, there are various techniques employed in the creation of propaganda, taking on multiple forms. This makes the Algerian television’s approach to covering events related to the Kingdom of Morocco fall within the practice of propaganda, against the backdrop of the Moroccan Sahara crisis. The study is classified as a descriptive study and relies on the descriptive-analytical method. It employs a content analysis form that includes several categories, which was applied to all publications on the Algerian television website that contained any reference to the Kingdom of Morocco during the study period—from March 17, 2025, to April 17, 2025. The sample comprised 31 articles published under the "International" section. These were analyzed using the content analysis form, and the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the Algerian television website engages in propaganda against Morocco through several themes: the Moroccan Sahara, the Palestinian cause and relations with the Israeli occupation, relations with neighboring countries, and internal affairs. Among these, articles addressing the Sahara issue accounted for 64.5% of all content published about Morocco. The website employed six out of seven propaganda techniques to construct its messaging about Morocco: name-calling (47.5%), card stacking (18.5%), glittering generalities (14.5%), bandwagon (10.7%), transfer (4.9%), and testimonial (3.9%), while the plain folks technique was not used.

The Impact of Technology Acceptance Model Factors on Tourist Satisfaction with Traditional Costume Experiences Using Augmented Reality

2025-10-17T14:55:58+00:00

This study aims to integrate traditional Saudi fashion designs into augmented reality (AR) applications and to measure tourists’ satisfaction with the AR heritage clothing experience. The research adopted both descriptive-analytical and applied approaches. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 102 participants drawn from visitors to Riyadh events, one of the Saudi Arabia most attractive tourist destinations. An online bilingual questionnaire (Arabic and English) was used as the research instrument. It included demographic variables, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and open-ended questions. Data were analyzed using multi regression analysis to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that neither perceived usefulness nor perceived ease of use had a significant positive impact on tourist satisfaction, as statistical values did not support the proposed hypotheses. The study concludes that tourist satisfaction with the AR heritage clothing experience may be influenced by factors beyond the Technology Acceptance Model, highlighting the need for further research to expand the model and incorporate additional variables that more accurately reflect the tourism experience.

The Technical and Aesthetic Dimensions of Additive Manufacturing Technology in The Field of Ceramics

2025-10-17T14:55:57+00:00

The research aimed to identify the intellectual foundations of additive manufacturing technology. And learning about the intellectual foundations of the technical and aesthetic dimensions of additive manufacturing technology in the field of ceramics. The research used the descriptive method. The research reached many results, the most important of which are: enhancing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the field of ceramics, a multidisciplinary approach between artists and technicians to support their integration into the creative process in the field of ceramics; Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the field of ceramics save a lot of time and effort from the design stages all the way to the final model, as well as a creative environment for artists, professionals, and art enthusiasts. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in ceramics allow for greater commitment, motivation, engagement and access to higher levels of artistic creativity; Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in ceramics will help cover a large number and full range of questions on how to integrate and employ them; Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in ceramics provide a great deal of flexibility in implementing designs that would otherwise be difficult to implement with traditional molding techniques. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in ceramics greatly advance design possibilities rather than considering the limitations of ceramic design. Based on its results, the research recommended benefiting from studying additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in the field of ceramics and applying them as new trends in the creative process in the field of ceramics. Working to spread awareness of Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques in the field of ceramics academically and artistically in museums and art studios to inspire and empower critical and creative thinking; Encouraging action research projects conducted by art scholars, enthusiasts and artists to investigate the integration of ceramics and art and collaboration across subject areas.

Developing Clothing for Female Tennis Players in Saudi Arabia According to Functional Needs and the Nature of Motor Performance

2025-10-17T14:55:57+00:00

This study aims to develop clothing for female tennis players that is compatible with the nature of motor performance, job requirements, and societal culture. The study relied on a quantitative approach, and data was randomly collected using a questionnaire to measure the designs of female tennis players in Saudi Arabia, using the FEA model. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to players and coaches, and the study sample consisted of 31 female tennis players in Saudi Arabia. The data were statistically analyzed to test the study's hypotheses. The results showed that the second design was the highest-rated, followed by the first design, then the third design. The results also indicated that most of the designs yielded positive results, making them feasible for implementation and testing on female tennis players in Saudi Arabia.

The Role of Educational Films in developing some Social Skills for the Intellectual Disability Learnable in Early Childhood

2025-10-17T14:55:56+00:00

The current research aims to provide mentally retarded children who are capable of learning in the primary educational classes of early childhood with some social skills represented in social interaction, cooperation, participation in activities, the formation of friendships, and following rules and instructions using educational films represented by educational animated films and video models that include a group of social skills. Based on the nature of the study, a one-group quasi-experimental approach was used. The researcher relied on a set of tools, including the Social Skills Scale “prepared by the researcher,” the Stanford Binet Intelligence Test, Figure 5 (prepared by Safwat Farag), and the Economic and Social Level Scale (prepared by Abdel Aziz Al-Fakhs). The researcher prepared a program based on educational films (educational animation and educational video modeling) to develop some social skills. The study was conducted on an experimental sample of (11) mentally retarded children in early childhood in the primary educational grades of Al-Damj Primary School 32 in Hafr Al-Batin Governorate. The results of the current research resulted in the presence of statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group in the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement of the social skills scale and their total sum, while there are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group in the post- and post-measurements of the social skills scale and their total sum, which It indicates the effectiveness of the program based on educational films in developing some social skills for mentally retarded people who are capable of learning in early childhood, as shown by the post-measurement of the experimental group, in addition to the continued positive effect on the experimental group, as shown by the follow-up measurement of the children in the research sample, and shown by the results of its hypotheses. In light of these results, a set of recommendations were presented, the first of which was the necessity of intellectual education curricula containing diverse and attractive educational films to develop the skills of mentally retarded people who are amenable to learning in the early childhood stage, especially social skills.

The Impact of Tax Audits on Tax Avoidance Levels

2025-10-17T14:55:55+00:00

This study investigates the intricate relationship between tax audits and corporate tax avoidance, with a specific focus on the moderating role of audit quality within the unique economic and regulatory landscape of Palestine. Drawing upon established theories of tax avoidance and audit quality [2, 4, 6], this article develops a conceptual framework and testable hypotheses to examine how the intensity and effectiveness of tax audits influence firms' tax avoidance strategies, and how external audit quality can mitigate or exacerbate this relationship. While prior research has explored these dynamics in various global contexts [9, 15, 18], the Palestinian setting presents distinct institutional characteristics, including a developing tax administration system and a complex geopolitical environment, which warrant specific investigation. This article synthesizes existing literature, proposes a detailed methodology for measuring key variables, and empirically tests the hypotheses using panel data from Palestinian listed firms. The findings of this research are anticipated to offer valuable insights for policymakers and tax authorities in Palestine in designing more effective tax enforcement mechanisms and fostering greater tax compliance.

The Development of King Saud University in the Twentieth Century

2025-10-17T14:56:32+00:00

The current study aims to explore the most important events that led to the development of King Saud University in the twentieth century. The study used a historical approach, as appropriate to the objectives and research question. The most important findings are as follows: King Saud University was founded in 1957 as the first modern university in the Kingdom. Its name was changed to "University of Riyadh" in 1964, before being renamed "King Saud University" in 1982. In its early years, the Egyptian scholar Dr. Abdul Wahab Azzam assumed the position of the university's first president. In the same year, the College of Arts was established as the first college, comprising four departments: Arabic Language, English Language, History, and Geography. The initial nucleus of the faculty consisted primarily of non-Saudi professors from sister Arab countries, given the recent university experience and the scarcity of qualified national talent at the time. The first four years of study were limited to male students, followed by female students in higher education in 1961. The university has welcomed international students since its first year. The first accepted class in 1957 included three international students compared to eighteen local students. As the academic structure consolidated and the colleges expanded, graduate programs began in the early 1970s, ushering in a new phase of academic and research development that strengthened the university's standing at the national and regional levels.

A Contemporary Vision of Rawashin in 3D-Printed Textile Design

2025-10-17T14:56:09+00:00

The world is evolving rapidly, and this period may be the fastest in history in terms of inventions, scientific discoveries, and progress across all fields. Undoubtedly, our current era is characterized as the era of rapid and advanced modern technology, due to the widespread penetration of technology and its diverse and multifaceted applications in all areas of life. Day after day, we are shocked by the creativity and inventions produced by these modern technologies, which astound us with their ingenuity. This has led them to enter the world of women's fashion with force, dominating the most beautiful looks for women. A major turning point in the relationship between fashion and digital technology occurred in 2015. The world is witnessing significant development with the increasing use of 3D printing technology. It is believed that the use of such technologies plays a fundamental role in transforming imaginative and innovative forms into real-life works and products with extreme precision and within record timescales. This helps innovative designers unlock the potential of ideas that were previously limited by traditional implementation methods, particularly in the field of fashion design, where the use of 3D printing technology is in its infancy. The global and Arab library still lacks relevant research on 3D printing.

It is one of the most significant technologies developed in recent years, and its applications have expanded significantly, serving a diverse range of fields. Technology is the primary factor in development and change. With the emergence of computer-aided design (CAD) programs, they have not replaced talent but have helped in fashion innovation and increased productivity. The fast-paced lifestyle demands more clothing, leading fashion to meet these needs.