Journal of Arts, Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences

Stylistic Structures in Contemporary Saudi Poetry

2025-09-19T19:03:31+00:00

The study attempts to trace the stylistic structures, both phonetic and semantic, of contemporary Saudi poetry, and the poem "Mystical Invocation"by the Saudi poet Jassim Al-Sahih in particular.

This is due to its artistic styles, poetic language, and external and internal rhythms. Through these techniques, the poet establishes an aesthetic value that gives his poem various dimensions. In addition, the Sufi theme is emphasized, giving his poetic language a distinctive character, which arouses within us a desire to analyze and deconstruct this poetic discourse, and to understand its shifts and connotations.

The study poses the following question:

What are the most important stylistic and semantic structures contained in the poem "Mystical Invocation" by the Saudi poet Jassim Al-Sahih?
How is style formed and meaning constructed within this poem?
How does the stylistic approach help reveal the aesthetics of a poetic text? Perhaps this is what this study seeks to answer.

The Impact of Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Techniques Based on Discovery Learning Styles on the Development of Digital Literacy Among High School Students

2025-09-19T19:03:30+00:00

The research aimed to investigate the impact of utilizing generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) techniques based on discovery learning patterns (guided, semi-guided, and free) in developing the dimensions of technological literacy (cognitive, skill-based, ethical, and creative) among high school students. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with three experimental groups. All groups studied the third unit of the Artificial Intelligence course in the third year of the Saudi high school pathways system, using generative AI tools based on discovery learning approaches, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Google Bard, and Google Gemini. The sample consisted of 90 students, equally distributed across the three experimental groups (guided, semi-guided, and free). A technological literacy scale was employed and administered both pre- and post-experiment, after ensuring its psychometric properties. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the semi-guided discovery learning group in developing technological literacy skills, followed by the guided learning group, compared to the free discovery group, The study recommended adopting semi-guided discovery approaches within AI-powered learning environments to enhance technological literacy among high school students.

Podcasts and Digital Video as Educational Resources in Islamic History

2025-09-19T19:03:30+00:00

This study aimed to explore the nature of the use of modern digital media in presenting Islamic historical knowledge, reveal the extent to which scientific accuracy is achieved in these materials, and identify the elements of visual and audio appeal that contribute to enhancing audience reception of the content. The study relied on a content analysis approach for four YouTube channels and two podcasts specializing in Islamic history, with a sample of 39 digital content (30 visual and 9 audio). The content was analyzed according to indicators of scientific accuracy, elements of attractiveness, and methods of digital interaction. The results revealed several important indicators, most notably:

The overall level of scientific accuracy was average, as some channels adhered to reliable sources and partial documentation of information, while others lacked full references, which affected the academic rigor of the content. b. Video channels demonstrated a greater reliance on visual and audio presentation tools such as still images, written titles, and sound effects, while podcasts relied on narrative style and direct language.
In terms of presentation appeal, channels that employed dramatic footage and storytelling techniques achieved higher viewership and engagement rates compared to content that was limited to live presentations.
Regarding digital engagement, it became clear that most channels invited audiences to comment, subscribe, and participate. However, the actual level of engagement varied, with the "Live It Intelligently" channel leading in the number of likes and comments, while audio channels recorded lower levels in this regard.

The study concludes that digital media represents an important resource for simplifying and disseminating Islamic historical knowledge. However, it requires enhancing academic accuracy by adhering to the principles of documentation and referencing reliable sources, while leveraging visual and audio appeal to ensure the educational message reaches the audience effectively.

Emotional Intelligence among School Principals and Its Relationship to Trust in Leaders in Jeddah Governorate from the Teachers' Perspective

2025-09-20T06:20:52+00:00

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which emotional intelligence is present among school principals and its relationship with teachers’ trust in their leaders in Jeddah Governorate. The research employed a correlational survey design to achieve this purpose. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 46 items, which was distributed to a sample of 422 teachers, including 263 male and 169 female participants. The findings revealed that teachers reported a high level of trust in public school principals, with an overall mean score of 4.11 (SD = 0.99). Likewise, principals demonstrated a high level of emotional intelligence, with a mean score of 4.14 (SD = 1.03). Results of the Independent Samples T-Test indicated statistically significant differences (α ≤ 0.05) in teachers’ trust scores attributed to gender, favoring female teachers, as all T-values were negative. Furthermore, the One-Way ANOVA analysis showed statistically significant differences in levels of trust according to years of teaching experience. These differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level in most dimensions of the study, and results suggested that teachers with 20 or more years of experience reported higher levels of trust in their principals compared to their less experienced counterparts. Based on these findings, the study recommended the importance of enhancing school principals’ ability to consciously express emotions through continuous emotional intelligence training programs. It also emphasized the necessity of fostering authentic emotions and encouraging the application of emotional awareness in building more empathetic and effective professional relationships.

Meta-Analysis of The Results of Augmented Reality Research on Learning Outcomes in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2025-09-19T19:03:29+00:00

This research aims to conduct a meta-analysis of studies that have investigated the use of augmented reality technology in education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in order to determine the overall impact of this technology on learning outcomes across various dimensions. The research relied on a systematic review of published studies and research papers from the period 2018-2023, analyzing them according to inclusion and exclusion criteria to derive comprehensive indicators regarding the effectiveness of augmented reality in Saudi educational contexts. The results showed that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia possesses a well-structured educational sector capable of positively impacting Saudi society through the use of augmented reality technology, affecting all educational levels from primary school to university, and across various subjects and learning outcomes.

Effectiveness of a Logotherapy-Based Counseling Program in Reducing Alexithymia among Older Retirees

2025-09-19T19:03:28+00:00

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of a counseling program based on meaning-centered therapy in reducing alexithymia among retired elderly individuals by examining the differences between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements of the experimental group and comparing them with the control group. The study adopted a quasi-experimental methodology with a two-group design, including an experimental group and a control group, with the application of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up measurements to verify the impact of the program on retirees in the city of Jerusalem. The findings indicated that the counseling program based on meaning-centered therapy proved statistically effective in reducing alexithymia levels among participants in the experimental group. Post-test results revealed significant differences between the two groups in favor of the experimental group, reflecting the program’s effect in modifying emotional traits and enhancing psychological capacities. The results further demonstrated the continuity of this positive effect six weeks after the completion of the counseling sessions, as confirmed by follow-up measurements, highlighting the consolidation of positive psychological changes among participants. The study recommends generalizing the program in institutions concerned with the elderly and retirees, integrating meaning-centered counseling into professional training programs for psychological counselors, and developing practical guidelines based on the existential model.

A Survey Study of the Roles of Social Workers in Hospital Social Protection Committees

2025-09-19T19:03:28+00:00

This study aimed to identify the roles of social workers working in social protection committees in hospitals in the city of Makkah Al-Mukarramah. This was done by surveying their opinions on their roles and job duties, in addition to reviewing possible proposals to improve their professional performance. The study used the social survey method using the comprehensive enumeration method, and it was applied to all social specialists working in the protection committees in Mecca hospitals, numbering (57) specialists, using the questionnaire tool. The results showed broad agreement on the importance of the professional role of social workers, most notably receiving and studying cases of abuse, providing psychological and social support, and participating in the preparation of appropriate intervention plans. The results also demonstrated high consensus on a number of proposals aimed at enhancing the efficiency of protection committees, most notably: updating policies, intensifying training, and strengthening institutional cooperation. The study recommended the need to review and develop the regulatory and legislative frameworks governing the work of social workers in this field, to enhance the effectiveness of interventions and ensure the provision of more efficient and sustainable protection services.

Challenges Preventing the Contribution of Sports to Sustainable Development for Women Athletes in the Northern Governorates of Palestine

2025-09-19T19:03:27+00:00

The study aimed to identify the challenges that hinder the contribution of sports to achieving sustainable development for female athletes in the northern governorates of Palestine. The study adopted the descriptive approach in its survey and analytical form due to its suitability to the nature of the study, in addition to the qualitative method through personal interviews. A convenience sample was selected, consisting of (2040) individuals and (10) Palestinian public figures for interviews. After collecting the data, it was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and by examining the responses of the public figures. The results revealed that the main challenges facing the contribution of sports to sustainable development for female athletes were the inadequacy of infrastructure in sports facilities, the lack of awareness of the importance of sports and its developmental role, the influence of traditions and customs, and the weakness of policies that ensure women’s participation in sports. The study recommended reassessing the current state of sports facilities in Palestine by specialists, allocating specialized courses and scholarships for female athletes by the Palestinian government, and enhancing periodic media awareness regarding programs, activities, and seminars related to women’s sports in these facilities, in order to activate the participation of female athletes in a positive and interactive manner.

The Impact of Drought on the Agricultural Sector and the Preparedness of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers in Palestine

2025-09-23T13:58:43+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the impact of drought on the agricultural sector in Palestine and to assess the level of preparedness by the Ministry of Agriculture and farmers. Conducted in the context of climate change, increasing drought waves, and fluctuating rainfall, the study addressed the resulting negative effects on agricultural productivity and food security. The research problem arises from the significant decline in crop yields, the growing challenges of water resources, and the presence of gaps in institutional readiness alongside weak adaptation practices among farmers. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach with a mixed-methods design, collecting data through quantitative questionnaires administered to a sample of farmers and agricultural extension officers in the governorates most affected by drought between 2022 and 2024. Additional data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with water resource experts and decision-makers, as well as through analysis of relevant strategic documents and plans. The findings revealed a significant decrease in rainfed and field crop productivity, rising irrigation and energy costs, increasing soil salinity, limited coverage of early warning systems, and varying levels of awareness among farmers regarding water-saving irrigation techniques. The study recommended expanding the scope of early warning systems, promoting the adoption of modern irrigation methods, rehabilitating degraded soils, providing concessional financing and climate insurance for farmers, and strengthening local and international partnerships to build sustainable resilience and enhance adaptation capacity to drought.

Forecasting the Future of Palestinian Olive Production under Global Climate Change

2025-09-19T19:03:26+00:00

This study aims to forecast the future of Palestinian olive production under global climate change by analyzing climatic and production data for the period (2014–2024) and linking them to the specific environmental and political conditions of Palestine. The results revealed sharp fluctuations in production, reaching its peak in the 2019 season with (177,611 tons) of olives, while dropping to an unprecedented low of (30,276 tons) in the 2021 season, reflecting the direct impact of drought and rising temperatures. Correlation analysis showed that rainfall has a strong positive relationship with production (r = 0.87), whereas temperature has a strong negative relationship (r = -0.85). Regression analysis further indicated that about (77%) of the variation in production can be explained by climatic factors, as each increase of (1°C) in temperature leads to a decrease of approximately (9,834 tons) in production. Future projections up to 2050 suggest that production may decline to only (61,000 tons) under a severe climate scenario, threatening food security and the agricultural income of tens of thousands of families. The study concludes with a set of recommendations that integrate scientific agricultural solutions with the political dimension under the reality of Israeli occupation.

The Impact of Media Processing Strategies on Digital Platforms on Recipients' Perception of News Content

2025-09-19T19:03:25+00:00

This study aims to reveal the impact of media processing strategies on digital platforms on the audience’s perception of news content, through a case study of Quds News Network. The study focused on three main dimensions that represent the most prominent media strategies, which are: the method of processing and formulating information, the intensification of publication across multiple channels, in addition to adopting patterns of media framing and the narrative frame in constructing the news. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method as the most appropriate for describing the phenomenon under study and analyzing it in the field. The study population included Palestinian individuals between the ages of 18 and 45 who regularly follow the content of digital platforms, where a stratified random sample of (400) participants was selected from various governorates of the West Bank. Data were collected using a questionnaire built on theoretical frameworks and previous related studies. The results showed a strong and significant impact of media processing strategies on the audience’s perception, as processing and formulating information emerged as the most influential strategies, followed by intensive and multi-channel publication, then media framing and the narrative frame. It was also found that these strategies together affect the way the recipient understands and reinterprets events. The study recommended the necessity of implementing media education programs, and providing specialized training to enhance recipients’ awareness of how media processing works in the digital environment, along with developing media policies that reduce the dominance of unreliable content and encourage media institutions to diversify narrative methods in a way that ensures raising the level of critical awareness among the audience.

The Physics of Selfhood: A Deconstructive Chronotropic Reading of the Dialectic of Being and Nothingness through Selected Works of Artist Zahra Al-Ghamdi

2025-09-19T19:03:25+00:00

This research undertakes a philosophical and aesthetic analysis of the works of artist Zahra Al-Ghamdi, moving beyond conventional critiques that prioritize form and color. The study offers a deeper reading that connects her artworks to profound existential and philosophical inquiries. It is anchored in the concept of "the physics of the self," which posits the self not as a static entity but as a dynamic field of interacting forces—a notion that resonates with the existential philosophy of Sartre. The methodology adhered to a scientific approach, presenting the problem, hypotheses, objectives, significance, and definitions of terms. The theoretical framework was built upon ten key philosophical and aesthetic aches, including: the aesthetics of introversion, the phenomenology of aborted communication, the rhizome as a non-hierarchical structure, Hyle (primal matter), spacetime, and the dialectic of being and nothingness. This framework was then applied to a selection of the artist's works. The research culminated in several key findings, such as: The selected artworks are a potent visual embodiment of "the physics of the self," portraying the self as a nexus of interacting forces rather than a fixed subject. The artist employs deconstructive visual techniques to navigate the dialectic of being and nothingness. The artworks can be interpreted as "spacetime" that materializes the intertwined relationship between the sartworkmemory, transforming the work into a space of consciousness that transcends linear time. The study successfully established a critical-philosophical framework that bridges contemporary existential philosophy with abstract art. Among the recommendations put forth by the research are: The application of the philosophical and aesthetic axes introduced in this study to the works of other artists, with the aim of constructing a broader theoretical framework. The execution of in-depth studies using a phenomenological approach to explore the viewer's experience of the artwork. The application of the deconstructive philosophical approach developed in this research to other art forms, such as literature, poetry, and theater.

Competitive Advantage Strategies and Their Role in Enhancing the Administration and Marketing of Visual Arts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2025-09-19T19:03:24+00:00

The research aimed to identify the role of competitive advantage strategies in supporting investment in the field of contemporary visual arts, by understanding the competitive strategies relevant to the scientific foundations of the philosophical concepts of strategies for creating and managing artistic and visual projects. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach by collecting information and data through reviewing relevant references, journals, and prior studies, as well as examining some global experiences and presenting Gulf experiences to apply competitive strategies, accompanied by a presentation of the reality of managing and marketing visual arts in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researcher designed a case study system for the Misk Art Institute as one of the cultural institutions concerned with managing and promoting visual arts and presented the results to specialists in the fields of art education and arts, numbering (10). The research results established an applied model for the case study (supporting institutions, exhibition halls) to determine the effectiveness of competitive advantage strategies for investing in the field of visual arts as a creative investment project. I recommend establishing a stock exchange and auction house for visual arts that supports high investment and economic value, contributing to the achievement of sustainable creative development by providing continuous financial resources for artists and preserving the economic and cultural dimensions of society.

The Role of the Saudi Ministry of Culture’s Advertisements on Platform “X” in Promoting National Cultural Identity

2025-09-19T19:03:24+00:00

This study aims to explore the role played by the Saudi Ministry of Culture’s advertisements on the platform “X” in promoting national cultural identity. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining qualitative content analysis of the advertisements with quantitative analysis of audience responses through an online survey. The study focused on the cultural and visual symbols used in the advertisements, such as traditional clothing, national emblems, and heritage elements, in addition to measuring their impact on public awareness of identity and national belonging. Participants expressed very positive opinions and attitudes toward the content of the advertisements. However, the study also uncovered limited active engagement from the audience, as well as a noticeable lack of contemporary elements and digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and interactive storytelling. Additionally, the institutional tone of some advertisements may reduce their appeal on modern platforms. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting more interactive media strategies, expanding the scope of digital publishing, and tailoring content to different age groups—while preserving effective heritage symbols—in order to meet audience expectations and support the goals of Saudi Vision 2030.

The Role of Contemporary Saudi Art in Public Transport Stations in Disseminating Visual Culture in Society

2025-09-19T19:03:23+00:00

The contemporary art scene in Saudi Arabia has witnessed remarkable growth in recent years, with a number of contemporary artists producing vibrant and thought-provoking artworks that reflect the country's changing social and cultural landscape. In this context, the current research sought to examine the role of contemporary Saudi art in public transportation stations in spreading visual culture among society. It also sought to demonstrate how public transportation stations can be utilized to spread visual culture, and to explore the potential for new approaches to increasing cultural and artistic awareness among society in Saudi Arabia by displaying artworks in public transportation stations. The importance of the research lies in contributing to the development of a vibrant and diverse art scene that reflects the cultural richness of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It also highlights the importance of enriching Arab libraries with studies focused on increasing visual culture among society through public transportation environments in Saudi Arabia. The research followed a descriptive and analytical approach. It reached several conclusions, including that contemporary Saudi art supports the growth and development of the art scene in various places by spreading visual culture locally and globally. This is achieved by fostering creativity and innovation among Saudi artists. Contemporary Saudi artists have expressed their society and heritage in renewed, innovative, and contemporary ways. Contemporary Saudi art is characterized by boldness and innovation, as contemporary artists in Saudi Arabia can employ modern and experimental techniques and styles in their artistic creations. There are methods within contemporary Saudi art that contribute to preserving and promoting Saudi culture and highlighting the role of art in reflecting and transmitting cultural heritage. The study recommends encouraging ongoing research and documentation of contemporary Saudi art through the ongoing exploration of artists, techniques, themes, and styles. It is also necessary to include contemporary Saudi works in public transportation stations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Applications of the Israeli Occupation Army's Renewed Military Doctrine in Light of the October 7, 2023 War

2025-09-19T19:03:22+00:00

This study examines the application of the Israeli occupation army's military doctrine following the events of October 7, 2023, and assesses its consistency with, or inconsistency with, the protection afforded to civilians and civilian objects under the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 and the customary rules of international humanitarian law. The study adopts an analytical-normative approach, linking declared and documented field practices with the legal obligations of the occupying power, particularly with regard to the principles of distinction, precaution, proportionality, the prohibition of collective punishment, the prevention of starvation, and the prohibition of the forcible transfer of civilians. It concludes that central patterns in the application of the occupying army's military doctrine, such as the widespread destruction of urban areas, repeated forced eviction policies, and prolonged sieges coupled with restrictions on relief, raise serious evidence of violations of core provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention, necessitating effective legal accountability and urgent protective measures.

Unfamiliarity in Contemporary Art Exhibitions

2025-09-19T19:03:22+00:00

The contemporary art exhibition is no longer confined to traditional walls and halls. Rather, it has become a renewed space that employs technology and experimentation, offering visitors an integrated sensory experience that stimulates emotions and defies expectations. This current study, titled "Unfamiliarity in Contemporary Art Exhibitions: "Imagine Picasso" as a Model," aims to identify unfamiliarity in the contemporary art exhibition "Imagine Picasso." To achieve this, the descriptive-analytical approach was used, given its distinctive methods and techniques that are appropriate for the current study. This approach addresses the theoretical framework, which includes a study of contemporary art exhibitions and the "Imagine Picasso" exhibition. It also sheds light on unfamiliarity in contemporary art exhibitions by examining the "Imagine Picasso" exhibition as a model. This was achieved by reviewing a variety of literature related to the current study. Several findings revealed that contemporary art exhibitions embrace the concept of "unfamiliarity," which aims to present unconventional artistic experiences. Modern technologies, such as sound and light projections, have enhanced the liveliness of artworks and the realism of their depicted characters. Contemporary art exhibitions are reshaping the interactive relationship between the visitor and the artwork using diverse technological techniques. The "unfamiliar" strategy in contemporary art exhibitions, such as the "Imagining Picasso" exhibition, has also helped re-read the artist's works in an innovative way that goes beyond the traditional silent approach. The study reached several recommendations: conducting more studies and specialized research in the field of contemporary art exhibitions to highlight their pivotal role in developing and renewing artistic display methods; encouraging interest in employing modern technologies in contemporary art exhibitions to create unique and unconventional artistic experiences that break the rigidity of familiar methods and infuse artworks with vitality; and developing interactive art exhibitions as a tool for spreading visual culture by connecting art with the public.

Producing Contemporary Textile Art Designs Inspired by the Asiri Cat Art Using Artificial Intelligence

2025-09-19T19:03:21+00:00

This study aims to employ artificial intelligence techniques in producing contemporary textile art designs inspired by Al-Qatt Al-Asiri, combining the authenticity of Saudi heritage elements with the modernity provided by digital tools. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach in addition to an experimental methodology, by generating a set of textile patterns using AI and presenting them to a sample of art experts for evaluation based on a Likert scale. The results revealed that the produced designs are characterized by high artistic quality in terms of composition and color harmony, while successfully reflecting the traditional aesthetics of Al-Qatt Al-Asiri within a contemporary framework. Furthermore, findings demonstrated the potential of integrating AI as a supportive tool in creating applicable textile artworks, thus enhancing the role of Saudi heritage in enriching modern design and supporting the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, especially with the declaration of 2025 as the Year of Handicrafts.

The Artistic and Philosophical Values of Colored Archaeological Paintings in the North of the Kingdom

2025-09-19T19:03:20+00:00

The importance of this study lies in its examination of a number of colored archaeological paintings from the north of the Kingdom (from the Hail region near Tabuk). It examines twelve paintings obtained from several different sites, depicting scenes of various animals, human figures, and geometric symbols. These paintings were executed in a style ranging from realism to abstraction and symbolic forms, in lively scenes inspired by the local environment. The importance of these paintings lies in their being rare works of art that use color as a primary medium. Their artistic styles and the artistic school adopted were studied, and their intellectual and philosophical contents were explained. Among the study's most notable findings is the strong presence of religious and ritual practices, as well as others with symbolic philosophy. Social themes emerged, including some of the activities practiced by humans at that time, which can be roughly dated to the Bronze and Iron Ages.

The Theatrical Canvas

2025-09-19T19:03:19+00:00

Since ancient Greece, theatre has influenced the evolution of painting, shaping the techniques employed by painters in their works. This paper argues that the symbiotic relationship between distinct forms of expression—painting and theatre—has revolutionized art history. This relationship has blurred the boundaries between dynamic and static art while enriching the viewer’s aesthetic experience. The paper explores the history of art and visual culture and shows how this intertwined connection has impacted both. Painters were inspired by theatrical narrative scenes, set designs, costumes, and stage mood; consequently, they transformed how they arranged their compositions, techniques, and color choices. Artists tried to capture fleeting moments of performance by rearranging their figures and gestures, using storytelling elements, and charging them with symbolism. Furthermore, artists innovated new artistic techniques and color selections to depict more dynamic and psychologically intense, undeniably theatrical works. Through this new approach, painters successfully connected various art forms. Artists amplified the emotional and psychological resonance of painting, which fostered significant art movements and motivated numerous artists to employ uncommon tools and approaches in their work. All these initiatives established a continuous discourse between theatre and painting, stimulated creativity through interdisciplinarity, and established avenues for innovative future expressions.

The Level of Knowledge of the Concept of Sustainable Development in Palestine Among Employees of Sports and Government Institutions

2025-09-19T19:03:18+00:00

This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of the concept of sustainable development among employees in sports and government institutions in Palestine and to examine whether gender-based differences exist. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, a questionnaire of (10) items measuring knowledge of sustainable development and its goals was administered to (2040) male and female employees across youth and sports-related institutions in Palestine, including the Higher Council for Youth and Sports, the Palestinian Olympic Committee, relevant ministries, and sports federations. The instrument was validated by experts, with reliability confirmed at Cronbach’s alpha of (0.79) for the knowledge domain, and data were collected in (2022). Statistical analysis involved means, standard deviations, and an independent-samples t-test for gender differences. Findings revealed that the overall knowledge level was moderate, with a mean of (3.22) out of (5), as all (10) items scored at a moderate level. The highest-scoring aspects were recognizing that sustainable development instills environmental ethics (3.32) and enhances awareness of social issues (3.27), while the lowest were recognizing gender equality (3.14) and prior reading on sustainable development (3.11). Results further indicated a statistically significant difference favoring males. Overall, the moderate knowledge level reflects a general but incomplete understanding of sustainable development, highlighting the need to strengthen comprehension of specific aspects, particularly gender equality, through awareness and training programs that would enable institutions to contribute more effectively to achieving sustainability goals.

A Comparative Critical Discourse Analysis of Language Use in CNN and Al Jazeera English Media Coverage of Gaza War

2025-09-19T19:03:18+00:00

This study explores linguistic bias and media framing in the coverage of the October 7, 2023 events by CNN and Al Jazeera English. Recognizing the central role of language in shaping perceptions and influencing public opinion, especially during politically charged events, the research aims to identify linguistic differences in the two networks’ narratives, focusing on word choice, connotations, and framing strategies. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, twelve English-language news reports (six from each network) published between October 7, 2023, and January 19, 2024, were analyzed. The study examines contextual analysis (who, what, when, where, and why), language analysis ( connotation, rhetorical strategies, and voice), and global superstructure analysis (framing and source attribution). The findings reveal distinct differences in rhetorical style, source selection, and sentence structure, along with recurring narrative patterns throughout the conflict. The study concludes that news language is not neutral but strategically constructed to shape political perception, highlighting the importance of critical media literacy and deep engagement with media discourse.

Impact of Advanced Risk Management Strategies on Security and Economic Threats in Saudi Customs

2025-09-20T06:30:14+00:00

This study aims to explore the impact of advanced risk management strategies on security and economic threats in Saudi Customs. It seeks to gain a deeper understanding of how these strategies impact the efficiency of customs performance, as well as to assess the relationship between security threats and overall customs performance. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, which is suitable for studying administrative and security phenomena. This approach was used to evaluate quantitative and qualitative data related to risk management strategies and security and economic threats. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool. It was designed to cover various dimensions of the study, including advanced risk management strategies and security and economic threats. The questionnaire included a set of questions formulated based on relevant scientific literature. The study population consisted of Saudi Customs employees, with a sample of 300 employees selected using a stratified random sampling method. This sample represents various job categories within Customs, ensuring an accurate representation of employee perspectives. The study employed a range of statistical analysis methods, including descriptive analysis, regression analysis, and correlation analysis, using SPSS. These methods helped test the proposed hypotheses and identify relationships between variables. The study reached several key findings, most notably:

Advanced Risk Management Strategies: The results showed that the arithmetic averages for all dimensions of risk management strategies were high, with the average use of artificial intelligence reaching 4.30, indicating that participants believe these strategies are being implemented well in customs. The results also showed a strong positive correlation between the implementation of these strategies and the reduction of security threats, with the correlation coefficient for artificial intelligence being 0.72.
Impact of Security Threats: The results confirmed that security threats, particularly cybercrime, negatively impact customs performance. The regression coefficient for cybercrime was -0.60, indicating that an increase in these threats leads to a deterioration in performance.

The Level of Preparedness of Public Education Schools to Implement a Multi-Tiered Support System for Students with Behavioral and Emotional Disorders from the Perspective of School Principals

2025-09-24T15:16:58+00:00

The current study aimed to identify the degree of readiness of principals by measuring their knowledge to apply the multi-level support system to students with behavioral and emotional disorders in public schools, the degree of skill of principals in applying the multi-level support system with students with behavioral and emotional disorders in public schools, and the degree of beliefs of principals in applying the multi-level support system in public schools. The study sample consisted of (28) principals of public schools with programs for students with behavioral and emotional disorders in the city of Riyadh. A questionnaire was administered to them to identify the level of readiness of public schools to apply the multi-level support system with students with behavioral and emotional disorders from the perspective of school principals (prepared by the researchers). The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were verified, and using the descriptive analytical approach, the study concluded that the level of readiness of school principals to apply the multi-level support system with students with behavioral and emotional disorders was high. The axes were ranked as follows: skill readiness in first place, then the axis of readiness related to beliefs, and finally the axis of cognitive readiness in third place. The overall average for each axis was also high. Among the most important recommendations of the study: Generalizing and expanding the implementation of the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS) in public schools, leveraging the high level of preparedness among school principals to lead this transformation, and developing clear timelines for implementation.